In general discourse, waste to energy as a means of waste management scores poorly in policy discourse in governments. But, the real cost of waste is actually way more than the cost incurred in developing and sustaining Waste to energy plants. It is because the indirect cost attached to health and environment has never been included in the overall cost calculation of cost impact. It is there fore never given a priority in policy discourse and in funding. What is the best way to include these costs so that waste to energy can draw the urgent attention of the national and sub national government in respect of SDG 2030?
Waste hitherto have been disposed carelessly. Having realized the implications on environment, many have been trying to get the best out of waste so much so that Waste is no more a waste BUT, a resource. Since this has been put to constructive use, the zero value has been adding unmeasurable value to a better environment overall.
Waste-to-energy or energy-from-waste is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Producing electricity is only one reason to burn MSW. Burning waste also reduces the amount of material that would probably be buried in landfills. Waste-to-energy plants reduce 2,000 pounds of garbage to ash weighing about 300 pounds to 600 pounds, and they reduce the volume of waste by about 87%.
Should add the cost of collection, transportation, and handling as well as sorting. Sitting could rest in additional disposal costs
Check http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:491571/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Also check https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2019/44/e3sconf_icaeer18_03027.pdf
I think there is need to include that in making the bill of quantities.
Acording my experience, energy savings don't pay a retrofit a process modification. Generally they are implemented along with more rentable process modifications. For example, you will install a new distillation column, and this oportunity is used to make an energy integration, a heat pump or an organic Rankine cycle.
In my opinion, there is no single procedure to define the waste cost that can be used in energy generation. The cost or value of the waste depends on the waste itself and on many factors. For instance:
1. If the waste has another use, its use for energy generation depends on the cost-benefit comparison between both applications. Distillery stillage can be used as fertilization plus irrigation, as it is rich in potassium or to generate biogas. The question is: Where does it report more profit if its value is considered equal to zero at the point of disposal? . Each application must consider the transportation and handling costs associated with the final use.
2. For the costs associated with health and the environment to be considered, there must be penalties associated with these effects. What is the penalty for dumping waste if it is not used for any purpose?
3. If there are customers interested in acquiring waste for any application, the value of the waste for use in power generation enters in competition with that application.
4. The use of bagasse in power generation is a common practice in sugar mills. This also fits the value of the bagasse, since its use in another application (for example, production of boards or furfural) implies using another fuel such as fuel oil or petroleum in the sugar mill, which determines the cost of this product.
Each case requires a particular analysis.
Waste to energy is not a profitable option if you want to make profit based solid waste management options. Waste to electricity can fetch money equivalent of 1000 INR/Tone of organic municipal solid waste. But waste to bio-CNG can make Rs 4500/one tone of MSW and the break even period/Return on investment will be 1.5 years which is much more better than waste to electricity.
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