How to differentiate metal ligand charge transfer (MLCT)/ligand metal charge transfer (LMCT) with pπ-dπ orbital interaction. Is there any characterization techniques?
I'm not sure if you have a specific problem that you need to solve or if it is a general question, but often one can make an educated guess based on the electronic nature of the ligands and the formal change of the metal atom if it is more likely that the metal center gets oxidized (MLCT) or reduced (LMCT), or neither (LLCT).
A useful technique to study charge transfer complexes is resonance Raman spectroscopy.
In inorganic chemistry....... most charge-transfer complexes involve electron transfer between metal atoms and ligands. The charge-transfer bands of transition metal complexes result from shift of charge density between molecular orbitals (MO) that are predominantly metal in character and those that are predominantly ligand in character. If the transfer occurs from the MO with ligand-like character to the metal-like one, the complex is called a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) complex. If the electronic charge shifts from the MO with metal-like character to the ligand-like one, the complex is called a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) complex. Thus, a MLCT results in oxidation of the metal center, whereas a LMCT results in the reduction of the metal center.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy... is also a powerful technique to assign and characterize charge-transfer bands in these complexes.
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