I am not a specialist in the topic but this problem was solved many decades ago with the help of IR spectroscopy. I know surname of one of authority from Institute of Catalysts in Novosibirsk "Paukschtis (if it is correctly spelled)". They use special probes, zonds such as pyridine and home done adsorption units. Bronsted centers of different forse was studied by solid state NMR. Appropriate literature can be found by Google. There is another classic methods of Broensted sites analysys programmed desorption.
There a lot of techniques for determining Brönsted acid sites. As well, ammonia can be adequate for zeolites, but it seems to be no exact in the case of other materials, because can overestimated the total value of this type of acidity.
It is for this reason that you can use in-situ FTIR pyridine that is good for obtaining the nature of the acid sites (Lewis, Brönsted and the contribution of both), and also the force of these acid sites. But, when you have small pores, FTIR pyridine will quantify only external acid sites, so... for this reason a lot of papers reports the use of acetonitrile for quantifying the internal acid sites, and the external towards use of FTIR of pyridine.
In general, you can use a combination of a big both small basic molecule for obtaining information using insitu FTIR.
Don't doubt to write me if you have an additional question,