I have a project with Landsat data time series. but in some images there are clouds and I must detect and mask them. is there an index or something like that to detect clouds?
Amir Tahooni, you can use the Quality Assessment (QA) bands from Level 1 or Level 2 Landsat data to identify and mask pixels that are affected by clouds or shadows. I would suggest you to order and download the pixel_qa band of each L2 Landsat scene from https://espa.cr.usgs.gov/ by uploading the Landsat Product IDs. Secondly, use the link attached below to download the Toolbox that will help you to extract the pixel_qa bands. The Level 2 pixel_qa band when extracted contains pixel information about clouds, shadows, etc. Finally use the pixels that are already classified as clouds as a mask.
Also follow the link of an existing discussion on the topic