Electrical conductivity is directly proportional to salinity. It is multiplied by 10 to obtain the sum of cations and by 10 the sum of anions. The sodium cation is the most dangerous and the bicarbonate anion is carbonate and chloride.
Converting soil conductivity measured in microSiemens per centimeter (µS/cm) to salinity typically involves empirical relationships or guidelines. Salinity is often expressed in terms of total dissolved solids (TDS) in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm). Here's a general method:
Step 1: Understand the relationship
Electrical conductivity (EC) is correlated to salinity because dissolved salts in water conduct electricity. A commonly used approximate conversion factor is:
The conversion factor typically ranges from 0.5 to 0.7 depending on the ionic composition of the solution. For most natural waters:
0.55 is used for freshwater
0.65 is used for saline or brackish water
Step 2: Apply the formula
Salinity=1,000×0.55=550 mg/L (or ppm)\text{Salinity} = 1,000 \times 0.55 = 550 \, \text{mg/L (or ppm)}Salinity=1,000×0.55=550mg/L (or ppm)Freshwater Example: For an EC of 1,000 µS/cm:
Salinity=1,000×0.65=650 mg/L (or ppm)\text{Salinity} = 1,000 \times 0.65 = 650 \, \text{mg/L (or ppm)}Salinity=1,000×0.65=650mg/L (or ppm)Brackish/Saline Water Example: For the same EC of 1,000 µS/cm:
Step 3: Adjust for specific calibrations
If you have detailed ionic composition or laboratory-specific calibrations, use the most accurate conversion factor for your data. Advanced methods may involve specific conductance-to-TDS conversions provided for a particular region or water type.