To convert liquid silver nanoparticles into solid particles, the common method is to centrifuge the liquid suspension to collect the nanoparticles as a pellet, wash to remove impurities, and then dry to obtain solid particles. Alternatively, solid-state synthesis involves grinding silver precursors with reducing agents and applying heat or microwave irradiation to directly form solid silver nanoparticles.

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To convert liquid silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into solid form, a controlled drying or lyophilization (freeze-drying) process is commonly employed. Initially, AgNPs in colloidal suspension are mixed with suitable cryoprotectants or stabilizers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), trehalose, or mannitol to prevent agglomeration during drying. In freeze-drying, the suspension is first frozen at –80°C or lower, then subjected to vacuum sublimation to remove water, resulting in a dry nanoparticle powder. Alternatively, spray drying can be used, where the colloid is atomized into fine droplets and rapidly dried using hot air (typically 100–200°C), producing solid microparticles containing embedded AgNPs. Post-drying, characterization techniques like TEM, DLS, and XRD are used to confirm particle integrity, size distribution, and crystallinity. These solid nanoparticles can be redispersed in solvents for future use, provided appropriate surface capping agents are retained.

Imdad Ullah Qureshi

Liquid silver nanoparticles do not exist. This is jargon and cannot be used in science. In our case, we did the following. To prepare the samples, the reaction mixture of the nanoparticle dispersion was centrifuged. The aqueous solution was separated, ethyl alcohol was added to the sediment to wash off the NPAg, and the mixture was centrifuged again.

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