I am modeling spatial maps for microplastics in a lake. However, I am taking samples in both receding and rising water level. Which method is needed to compare the spatial maps drawn for data values between the two seasons?
Your query seems a little vague to me. What is the nature of the data (is it a raster or a vector)?
I'll answer hypothetically:
1. If your data is a continuous (raster) and you're calculating then you may classify the data and quantify each class.
2. (This probably is the best answer in your case) If you need to extract the intensity of a data (z-value) you can generate random points and extract the data using (extract multi-values to points tool) from ArcGIS.
3. Spatial join works well for a vector data.
In addition to previous answer:
You can also calculate the differences of both raster datasets (raster2 - raster1) to see the regions with great positive or negative difference.
One would think you would get a higher quality of response if you posted a URL to Google Maps of exactly what lake you are referring to, since a lake's size could range from a large pond to in inland sea: Example https://www.google.com/maps/place/Accra,+Ghana/@5.5804454,-0.3774834,14z/
But even the smallest and shallowest are multi-dimensional situations like stratification, localized up welling and down welling, recharge and discharge rates of inflows and out flows, intermixing caused by wind and wave action - so even if you measure something at a fixed x,y,z point at some given intervals, unless the sampling interval in time and space is aligned with all those cycles, it can be just noise.
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