Dear Rajesh,

You have to use an appropriate slope stability model to identify landslide susceptibility area followed by landcover change assessment/analysis to identify the landslide locations in the past. It is also helpful to have LIDAR or high-resolution DEM data for a different period to compare and identify the historical landslides. For the future prediction, one must have to have potential rainfall/soil moisture and/or groundwater data to predict landslide susceptible locations/zones.

It is not the complete answer to your question, but I hope it helps to explore in depth.

Thank you

You can use spatial multi-criteria evaluation in Arc GIS, Idrisi Terrset, ILWIS...

Dear Rajesh,

The Polish Geological Institute has created a Landslide Counteracting System called SOPO. You can read more about it in these publications:

Article Persistent scatterer sar interferometry applications on land...

Article Landslides mapping in Roznow Lake vicinity, Poland using air...

and you should also check this link:

Article Sensitivity analysis of automatic landslide mapping: numeric...

Regards,

Mateusz

Dear Rajesh,

The inventory data is important not just to the assessment of landslide hazard but also to validate the result. However, I think you can do that qualitatively (expert base) then you can transfer the qualitative information to quantitative values through a method such as AHP or Fuzzy-AHP.

Fully agree with Ali Fanos

If you don't want to use LS data or may be it is not available, say for example for a road alignment, which is cutting across through hilly terrain, you may take a few traverses along the alignment and consult available Geomorphological/Physiographical data and satellite imageries etc. and then you may try to follow approaches such as 'Whole to Part' and 'Worst case scenario''. You may eliminate the area/sector primarily not worth for extending consideration from LS point of view. Subsequently you may categorise debris/OB and rock slopes. Further, you may go for emperical approaches for rock slopes viz. RMR+SMR, GSI etc. and categorise the rock slopes depending upon the hazard/vulnerable classes. For debris/OB you may use instability signatures as important parameters. Depending upon this kind of categorisation for particular location and cotinuance of availability of instability signatures in adjoining areas, you may extend the buffer and in this way you may categorise the area, especially favourable for hill road corridors/ ghat sections and may arrive to as a useful estimating future (temporal) probability. No doubt, if a set of background landslide data set is available, it would be helpful to test/validate your output i.e. a map. Nevertheless, whether LHZ/LSM Maps for an area or a hill/ghat road section, they all are prepared on AS IS basis and needs to be updated after a periodic time interval due to possible LU/LC changes etc.

Regards

A. Kohli

well, I agree with some answers but for AHP method you can't tell future probability (temporal) of landslides with more then 50% confidence. For future probability (temporal) of landslides you have to fix your research area boundary.

You should have at lest 10 sample of material from your research area and do testing on it then apply suitable landslide hazard assessment method.

Dear Rajesh,

I think the easiest way is to select orthophotos from different years, if available, to check how many times the landslides have been reactivated. The main drawback is the short window of time you can investigate. Another option is the application of dating techniques such as dendrochronology, TCN, etc.. The main disadvantages are the level of expertise needed, the time and the economic cost. You can find a good review of different techniques to assess the landslide frequency in this article:

Jordi Corominas, José Moya,

A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes,

Engineering Geology,

Volume 102, Issues 3–4,

2008,

Pages 193-213,

ISSN 0013-7952,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.018.

I think without past landslide data (landslide inventory), the landslide assessment for future prediction would not be accurate in either way. So, the landslide inventory is the key part.