Usually FTIR gives information about the chemical structure using vibrational states to recognize the presence of specific bonds. In this case you can use the peaks position and associate the specific bond. FTIR is also used in a more sophisticated method to quantify the secondary structure in proteins. In this case inside the primary amide peak (1580cm^-1 - 1720cm^-1) different peaks are present each of them related to a secondary structure, so a fitting process is needed to recognize each peak. In this case peaks area is related to the specific secondary structure content. So the type of analysis can be very simply or very complicated, all depends on what is your purpose.
To analyze your FTIR you need to know the wavenumber associated with the vibration of atoms in the molecule. Then I would recommend reading similar articles and comparing yours with the FTIR spectra presented in the article. The following reference might be helpful: