three photosynthetic pathways are known to exist in in higher land plants,C3 ,C4, and C A M.I wonder, if attempts to produce C4 plants from C3 plants are successful?
Please have a look at these links.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_convert_c3_plant_into_a_c4_plant
https://thericejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/1939-8433-6-28
Dear
I think this links will help you
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521184/
http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/155/1/56.full
regards
Dear Dr. Muayed Fadhil Abbas
They all use a supplementary method of CO2 uptake which forms a 4-carbon molecule instead of the two 3-carbon molecules of the Calvin cycle. Hence these plants are called C4 plants. (Plants that have only the Calvin cycle are thus C3 plants.). After entering through stomata, CO2 diffuses into a mesophyll cell. Being close to the leaf surface, these cells are exposed to high levels of O2, but have no RUBISCO so cannot start photorespiration (nor the dark reactions of the Calvin cycle). Instead the CO2 is inserted into a 3-carbon compound called phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) forming the 4-carbon compound oxaloacetic acid. Oxaloacetic acid is converted into malic acid or aspartic acid (both have 4 carbons), which is transported (by plasmodesmata) into a bundle sheath cell. Bundle sheath cells are deep in the leaf so atmospheric oxygen cannot diffuse easily to them;
often have thylakoids with reduced photosystem II complexes (the one that produces O2). Both of these features keep oxygen levels low. Here the 4-carbon compound is broken down into carbon dioxide, which enters the Calvin cycle to form sugars and starch. pyruvic acid (3 carbons), which is transported back to a mesophyll cell where it is converted back into PEP. These C4 plants are well adapted to (and likely to be found in) habitats with high daytime temperatures intense sunlight.
Regards
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