Please suggest ideas (and how to implement them) for decreasing greenhouse gases and mitigating the impacts of global warming. For example:
Potential categories for ideas include:
- Personal solutions
- Social solutions
- Technological solutions
- Local solutions
- National solutions
- Global solutions...
Thanks!
Susan
we have to do as you said but by global not in area without another also we have to use green energy in lab,factory ,hose and everywhere also electric car or vehicle and reduce anything release CO2 or related to that
We can respond to climate change by reducing our dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating GHGs (greenhouse gases). This will require central government involvement/commitment and certain incentives.
Whilst planting trees can result in the absorption of CO2, catchment scale planting of trees has to be undertaken with the aid of hydrological studies to ensure stream flows or aquifer recharges by rainfall are not reduced (see my newspaper article about this issue - https://www.odt.co.nz/opinion/pitfalls-greenhouse-gas-measures).
Any changes to agricultural land use is not simply by regulation or by education, since agricultural land uses are driven by sustaining farm income/profit hence such activities are market driven. Having stated the above, organic farming does result in increased C sequestration in soil and since certified organic products fetch better price than conventional, there is opportunity to promote organic farming.
Promoting renewable energy source is a well known measure. In New Zealand we are fortunate to have sufficient water and geothermal resources to generate 80% of our electricity supply from renewable resources.
Most countries can consider generating electricity from wind and solar energy, which will reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. In countries where
large number of cars are used, electric cars can be promoted but this requires careful consideration of renewable electricity supply.
Dear Susan R. Salafsky ,
New types of policies, partnerships and instruments will be needed to scale up present climate change efforts and address this growing challenge. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges faced by societies today. It has significant implications on energy, food and water security as well as health and safety for countries and people around the world. UN Environment supports countries in addressing climate change through four main avenues: adaptation and building resilience to climate change; mitigation and moving towards low carbon societies; reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; and finance for new models for the green economy.
A personal solution is to "vote" with your dollars (or whatever currency you use) - primarily purchase the least "processed" items in terms of manufacturing, distance traveled, ingredients, resources, etc.
It is not simple to vote on the basis of process or distance travelled (e.g. food mileage). Such an approach requires careful life-cycle analyses of ALL ingredients and resources used in producing a product and may still well be considered as narrow in the wider sustainability context. Any such voting must take integrated approach which may include assessment of environmental impacts of the activity (e.g. nitrate leaching or water pollution from crop production) and resource use (e.g. water use) impacts.
An example of narrowly focused climate change mitigation approach is converting sheep & beef farms to cropping/vegetable systems to reduce methane emission. Depending on the cropping systems, nitrate leaching sustained can be in excess of 10 fold greater than that of the sheep & beef grazed farm system and additionally irrigation water is also required to produce crops/vegetables.
Thank you very much for asking this very important question. The above question is a very important issue that requires a scientific study. Best wishes
Unfortunately, more and more data and research centers scientifically confirms that progressively progressing global warming has become a fact. First and foremost, human activity influences this. The impact of natural factors is significant, however, the progress of civilization, industrial development, greenhouse gas emissions in the past few decades has increased significantly and continues to grow. The biggest problem may be the inability to reverse this process even if all of the industry, energy and transport are now switching to renewable energy sources.
In a few years, strategic classic energy raw materials, ie minerals contained in the Earth's crust, will be exhausted.
Extracting these minerals from deeper layers of the earth's crust may be unprofitable.
In addition, it may be unnecessary in a situation of global warming and the development of renewable, ecologically clean sources of energy.
However, which type of power supply for motor vehicles should be developed so that the economic, social and ecological effects are the most in line with the strategic goals of the balanced economic development of the world?
If it is electromobility it will be necessary to significantly increase the production of electricity.
In the context of the above considerations, the following question is also current:
Will we be able to stop or at least completely slow down adverse climate changes, global warming, progressing greenhouse effect on Earth?
This is probably the most important problem to explore and solve in the 21st century.
Unfortunately, many people, including politicians and entrepreneurs managing large industrial corporations ignore the seriousness of this problem. It is necessary to develop research in this area, in the matter of examining the determinants of climate change, global warming, rising average temperature on the Earth, progressing greenhouse effect on Earth. These problems must be publicized in the mass media. While it is not too late, while this unfavorable process can be partially reversed. Or maybe we can not reverse this process anymore? Maybe it's too late? What then, will we be able to protect, at least partially, the biosphere, natural ecosystems due to these adverse climate changes, anomalies and climatic cataclysms, from drought in many areas currently agricultural or possessing a rich biosphere? Research on these topics needs to be developed, publicized, and published. Perhaps, finally, politicians and owners of industrial corporations will change their approach to more pro-ecological. This is probably the most important question for the 21st century: Will we be able to stop adverse climate changes, including the progressing greenhouse effect on Earth?
The above discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
Humanity has reportedly only had a decade of time for necessary changes in the energy sector to avoid a global climatic catastrophe, i.e. to implement the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development in line with the concept of a new, green economy
Much has to change in consumer awareness, business must change and different social groups should force policies and change legal regulations. It is necessary to develop co-financing of investment projects in the field of renewable energy sources by the state from public funds. In addition, businesses must see this business. The development of renewable energy sources should be profitable, and it is not because it is cheaper to mine minerals, to devastate the natural environment. It is cheap to run classic energy based on mineral combustion because this classic energy and mining industry of hard and brown coal, oil refinery industry, automotive industry of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines etc. is not burdened with the costs of natural environment devastation, costs of treatment of people who suffer from due to poor air, smog and no negative effects of global warming. If the mining, energy, processing and automotive industries were burdened with these costs, then it would not be worthwhile to devastate and pollute the natural environment. Then it would be more profitable to develop energy and industry based on renewable energy sources. Inventions of electricity have over 100 years of history. 100 years ago, electric cars should be produced, but the oil business this scenario of more sustainable development has crossed out. Therefore, for over 100 years, archaic energy based on the burning of minerals has been developed. During these 100 years, the average temperature of the Earth's surface has increased by 1 degree ° C. From specific scientific studies, it appears that humanity is only 12 years left to make the necessary changes, to switch energy and industry to renewable energy sources and the automotive industry to electromobility, to reduce poor quality of stoves and domestic ovens, on the development of large and small, home solar, wind and other power plants. At the same time, investment projects in renewable energy sources should be widely developed and entire economies should switch to sustainable pro-ecological development according to the concept of a green, new economy. If during this time these changes are not implemented then the average temperature of the Earth until 2030 will increase by another min. 1 degree ° C and then in the following years the greenhouse effect will accelerate and the problem of global warming will become an irreversible process, which will mean the widespread apocalyptic climate disasters covering most of the Earth's surface before the end of the 21st century.
In view of the above, the current question is: Can we still avoid a global climatic catastrophe and what should be done to avoid it?
Sustainable proecological economic development based on the concept of a new, green economy regarding entire national economies and future global economies is a necessary future that must be realized in the 21st century if humanity wants to avoid a global climate disaster. Sustainable ecological economic development is based primarily on the creation, development and implementation of large-scale ecological innovations, renewable energy technologies, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, automation and robotization of the process of sorting waste, recovery of recyclable materials, reclamation of a devastated natural environment, afforestation of post-industrial areas, development of electromobility etc. Apparently humanity has only been a decade of time to implement this plan in order to avoid a global climate disaster resulting from the increasingly faster global warming. According to World Wide Fund for Nature (https://cop.wwf.pl/en) humanity is already an endangered species in the 21st century!
In view of the above, it is also important to include in the above discussion also the following issue:
Can the afforestation of civilization-modified areas significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
In many countries, in individual regions and urban agglomerations, tree planting projects are currently underway as part of afforestation programs for civilization-modified areas. In some countries afforestation of civilizational modified areas is considered one of the most important instruments to neutralize the negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions. The main premise of this thesis is the fact that certain species of trees and shrubs absorb significant amounts of CO2 and improve microclimate and water management in surface layers of soil. However, according to the results of scientific research in a situation of high greenhouse gas emissions, afforestation will not solve the problem of global warming. If in a given country, in a given agglomeration the majority of households, motor vehicles and enterprises from the energy sector relies on burning of minerals, the emission of greenhouse gases is so high that afforestation may reduce this emission to a very small extent. In this situation, apart from afforestation, other projects should be developed that will enable the implementation of the principles of sustainable, pro-ecological development based on the concept of a new, green economy. These other pro-ecological undertakings include, first of all, the development of renewable energy sources, increasing the efficiency of waste segregation, recovering secondary materials, development of electromobility in the automotive industry, development of programs for implementation, implementation and financing of eco-innovations, such as the construction of small household ecological power plants based eg on installing house roofs photovoltaic panels replacing stoves, in which often poor quality minerals are burned, etc. Therefore, afforestation does not solve the serious problem of global warming but should be developed as one of many instruments to reduce the negative greenhouse gas emission effects.
In addition, it is particularly important to protect existing forest resources, including natural forest ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity, and therefore a high biological value, such as rainforest, tropic rainforest of the Amazon. However, this is only an example of the largest, existing natural forest ecosystem on Earth. All other such ecosystems should be under strict protection and should be excluded from the predatory, devastating forest exploitation economy, i.e. harvesting timber from these natural forest ecosystems, because in the context of the problem of global warming they are one of the most important, most valuable resources of the planet Earth .
The above question inspired me to the following considerations:
Probably the future of humanity in the 21st century depends probably on the next dozen or so years?
Probably the future of humanity depends on the next decade. If, over the next few years, renewable energy sources replacing traditional energy based on the burning of minerals are developed on a massive scale, it might be possible for humankind to avoid a climatic catastrophe in the 21st century. The international climate agreement that currently (December 2018) concluded in Katowice in Poland may be a late and insufficient agreement, because most countries do not intend to develop high-budget projects for the construction and development of power plants based on renewable energy sources. In addition, changes in the automotive industry, changes leading to the development of motorization in the direction of electromobility are too slow. The problem is serious because it concerns the future of all humanity in the perspective of the next two to three generations, yet the necessary changes and reforms in the implementation of economic principles of sustainable pro-ecological development are too slow. With the current pace of changes, there may be a shortage of time to implement the necessary pro-ecological undertakings, and then the problem of global warming will become an irreversible process and will constantly accelerate!
In view of the above, the current question is: Probably the future of humanity in the 21st century depends probably on the next dozen or so years?
If, over the next few years, renewable energy sources replacing traditional energy based on the burning of minerals are developed on a massive scale, it might be possible for humankind to avoid a climatic catastrophe in the 21st century. Therefore, in each country, various types of renewable energy sources, electromobility in the automotive industry and eco-innovation should be developed in accordance with the level of development, financial possibilities, climate and economic conditions.
Economics will have to change towards sustainable pro-ecological development if the global warming process accelerates in the following decades.
In the context of the above considerations, the following question is also current:
What is the role of particular social groups in disseminating the concept of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of a new, green economy?
The role of engineers is particularly important for enabling sustainable development, including sustainable pro-ecological development, based on the concept of a new, green economy. Engineers create new technological solutions, new energy technologies, ecological innovations, innovative ecological buildings, develop renewable energy sources in industry and other applications, create automation technologies for waste segregation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop electromobility, carry out investment projects to reclaim a devastated natural environment, etc. Apart from engineers, the key actors are the state as an economic entity and financial institutions, ie the main actors of external financing of environment-friendly investment projects, thanks to which sustainable sustainable development based on the concept of green economy is enabled and implemented. The role of politicians who set the direction of the necessary systemic changes is also important. Also important is the role of citizens who within the civil and information society are increasingly aware of the threats to the growing risk of climatic cataclysms that are a derivative of the progressive global warming. The role of mass media and new online media is important, including social media portals, thanks to which the level of social awareness for this type of important problems, particularly important in the 21st century, important for humanity, for the whole planet Earth is growing.
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
The concept of zero growth, green economy, "the post-growth economy", sustainable proecological economic development as an antidote to the future global climate disaster of the end of the 21st century?
Because the issues of "the post-growth economy" and related issues such as the concept of zero growth, green economy, sustainable environmentally friendly economic development combine to form a very complex and multifaceted research area, so I will discuss this issue in the following topics.
The concept of zero growth for the domestic, or rather for, the global economy was based on theoretical considerations aimed at formulating the answer to the question: What would the economy look like in a fully sustainable, pro-annual development based on the assumptions of the green economy?
Development of ecological innovations, implementation on an industrial scale of new technological solutions for renewable energy sources, development of electromobility in the automotive industry, increasing the efficiency and automation of waste segregation and recycling, afforestation of degraded areas of civilization, reclamation of degraded natural environment, etc. in the long-term can not be implemented in In the form of large investment projects financed mainly from public funds, because it would generate a high public debt and the investment projects themselves would be growth-friendly, they would be a denial of "the post-growth economy".
The development of green economics and the long-term pursuit of the global economy for sustainable pro-ecological development must take place through the implementation of economically profitable business projects. How would the whole global economy change so that theoretical considerations could become a fact in the future? There are many answers to this question, and more specifically, recommendations for the necessary changes that must be implemented so that humanity can avoid a global climate disaster at the end of the 21st century.
These recommendations appear, for example, at UN symposia, conferences and summits, during which what should be done to slow down the global warming of the planet Earth is discussed. Some results of research on greenhouse gas emissions and projections of the continuation of the global warming process suggest that only a decade of time has already been left for the implementation and dissemination of these necessary changes, including: developing eco-innovations, implementing new technological solutions on an industrial scale. concerning renewable energy sources, development of electromobility in the automotive industry, increasing the efficiency and automation of waste segregation and recycling, afforestation of degraded areas, civilization, reclamation of degraded natural environment, etc.
Otherwise, the global warming process will accelerate and by the end of the 21st century, the average temperature at the Earth's surface can increase by as much as 4 degrees C, which will mean the melting of all glaciers, sea and ocean surface rise by 20 meters, widespread drought, steppes and desertification many current green areas, significant reduction in arable land area of agricultural production, reduction of areas suitable for human existence, numerous fires, increase of volcanic activity, more frequent climatic disasters such as tornadoes and downpours, release of methane from the arid soils of eternal desiccation of arctic regions and further acceleration of the greenhouse gas emission process and the inability of human to reverse this process.
So now there is time pressure to make the necessary changes for the implementation of the new global economy. We know what to do. We do not know how to do it to make this process based on profitable investment projects and not only on publicly financed investments, which are not always profitable and are financially limited.
Perhaps the solution is the synergy of all these pro-ecological undertakings. The synergy of simultaneous launch of various pro-ecological undertakings will generate an additional added value that will enable the improvement of these activities, including pro-ecological investment projects planned and implemented with the assumptions of the new green economy concept. Only when most of these ventures reach profitability, then only then will the globally functioning green economy based on sustainable pro-ecological economic development become real.
This development would not have to be characterized by high profitability. In the long-term, this profitability would globally approach the zero level in line with the concept of macroeconomic zero growth. Then economics could dominate globally, a global economy based on the concept of "the post-growth economy" would emerge.
If the whole process could be completed in the shortest possible time in the next dozen or so years, humanity could avoid a global climatic catastrophe which, according to the predictions of climatologists investigating the process of global warming, will most likely appear at the end of the 21st century if mankind fails to apply the necessary pro-ecological reforms.
In view of the above, the current question is: The concept of zero growth, green economy, "the post-growth economy", sustainable proecological economic development as an antidote to the future global climate disaster of the end of the 21st century?
Therefore, in the context of the above considerations, the following important question appears:
What are the main barriers to the development of renewable energy sources?
What actions should be taken to remove or replace these barriers to the chances of developing renewable energy sources?
Are the main barriers to the development of renewable energy sources the lobbying of enterprises in the energy sector producing electricity and heat based on traditional energy of burning minerals? Is there a lack of financial resources in the majority of countries regarding the financing of high-budget pro-environmental projects from public finance funds? Should there be new, new ecological innovations, new technological solutions in the field of renewable energy sources, electromobility in the automotive field, new generations of batteries, photovoltaic panels, energy storage and transmission stations, hydrogen engines, etc. to produce and use electricity generated on the basis of renewable source of energy has become profitable to become a profitable business? If this process lasts for a long time, there may be a shortage of time to implement the necessary reforms aimed at disseminating in the global economy a model of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of green economy. If this process lasts much longer than by 2030, there may not be enough time to carry out the necessary reforms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, consequently, the planet's warming process will accelerate considerably, this process will be irreversible and will continue to accelerate and towards the end of the 21st century century will lead to a global climate disaster that threatens the life of all humanity and most other forms of life on Earth.
In my opinion, both unfavorable processes, ie the global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere will increase in the future.
However, there is still some time to implement the necessary pro-ecological reforms to slow down these processes. It is estimated that there has been a decade of time to carry out the necessary pro-ecological investments, thanks to which it would be possible to implement sustainable pro-ecological development in the global economy.
Hedgehogs do not take these actions in the next decade, then these unfavorable climate processes will accelerate in the future and become permanently irreversible. Then, at the end of the twenty-first century, there will be a global climate cataclysm that will threaten the life of all humanity and a large part of other life forms that inhabit the planet Earth.
The problem is therefore serious and underestimated by politicians, entrepreneurs, industrialists and many other social groups. The problem of global warming and decreasing ozone layer in the atmosphere is too little publicized and the educated society is not educated enough.
In the context of the progressive warming of the Earth's climate, the following question is of particular importance:
The importance of agriculture in modern economies in the context of the progressive global warming of the Earth?
Agriculture is the basic sector of national economies. The technological progress that has been taking place over the millennia, including mechanization and the chemization of agriculture developed since the beginning of the 20th century, through the use of chemical plant protection products, and then genetics have increased yield per hectare. Technical and technological progress in agriculture has also contributed to the gradual decline in employment in agriculture. However, these are not the most serious problems of agriculture. However, many scientific studies and data of climatologists suggest that in the near future, in the 21st century, these will not be the most serious problems of agricultural development. Well, in the 21st century, due to the progressive global warming, crop acreages and areas of arable land can be significantly reduced. In connection with the emission of greenhouse gases in the perspective of the next dozen or so years, the process of global warming may enter the phase of acceleration of this warming and the inability to reverse this process if man in the coming years fails to implement pro-ecological reforms to implement sustainable and pro-ecological development based on national and global economy. the concept of a new, green economy. If this negative scenario was to be realized then by the end of the 21st century at the latest the average temperature at the Earth's surface will increase by as much as another 4 degrees C, which will increase and increase the scale of increasingly emerging climatic cataclysms, all glaciers and arable land areas they will decrease. As part of climate disasters, droughts, desertification and steppping of existing areas covered with greenery will appear. These processes will also reduce arable land areas. There will be problems with the boarding of a large part of the population, the scale of the national migration of people in search of places to live will increase, to survive. More and more permanent economic crises will appear and the risk of dramatic events, including wars, will increase. Humanity can not let this happen. This is the main challenge of humanity for the 21st century. In the near future, ecological innovations, renewable energy sources, streamlining the process of waste segregation and recycling, the electromobility of motorization etc. should be developed. Scientific research shows that these projects should be carried out on a large scale globally already in the perspective of the next decade. Otherwise, the process of global warming will accelerate and become an irreversible process, which in turn would lead to a global climate disaster at the latest at the end of the 21st century.
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
How to improve the waste segregation system?
At present, new ecological innovations are needed, among others in the field of new technologies for the automation of waste segregation.
The problem of effective waste segregation and management of waste management is particularly important in many developed and developing countries.
The topic is important because it largely concerns the issues of ecology, environmental protection and the possibility of implementation into national economies of sustainable development according to the concept of a new, green economy.
In my opinion, the answer to this question is particularly important in the context of the following issues:
- improving the process of effective waste segregation,
- recovery from waste of secondary raw materials that may be recycled and produce new products on their basis,
- ecologically safe removal and neutralization of harmful, toxic waste,
- environmental protection and reclamation of a devastated environment, eg in garbage dumps, mine waste dumps and industrial waste dumps,
- biological treatment of water, including rivers, lakes and reduction of garbage and waste discharged into the seas and oceans,
- development of renewable energy sources and energy based on safe incineration of waste that will not be subject to secondary recycling,
- production of biocompost from food waste for use in the process of soil fertilization,
- application of technological advances, auto-tinting and robotization of the waste segregation process,
- etc.
I believe that it is necessary to apply appropriate waste management techniques due to the need to develop a new green economy, ie to implement the principles of sustainable development. It is necessary to minimize and limit the negative effects of climate change, generated by the progressive greenhouse effect of the Earth, which is rapidly accelerating global warming.
Improvement of waste management techniques should be implemented through the increase of automation, computerization and robotization in the field of planning and logistics of this process.
In the context of the above considerations, the following question is also current:
Will man manage to create innovative technologies of renewable energy sources, which will stop the greenhouse effect on Earth?
Every year new sources of clean energy and technologies are created. New, innovative technologies in the field of renewable energy are being created. The existing technologies of renewable energy sources have been successively improved in the direction of creating more and more economically efficient and energy-saving technological solutions. New patents and innovative technological solutions are being created. New types of materials used in new energy sources devices are being discovered. The main determinant of technological progress in this field should be the process of implementing the most energy-saving technologies on the industrial scale and promoted for industrial implementation and the transport sector should be sources of energy under RES that will emit the least harmful external effects to the planet Earth environment.
In view of the above, the current question is: Will man manage to create and develop on a mass scale in industry and energy innovative technologies of renewable energy sources, through which will stop the greenhouse effect on Earth?
Therefore, in the context of the above considerations, the following important question appears:
Is it time to change the civilization development strategy globally and focus on sustainable socio-economic development?
Yes, it is necessary to change the development strategy based on intensifying the exploitation of the Earth's resources on the sustainable development strategy. It is necessary to develop new energy technologies based on renewable energy sources to slow down the progressing greenhouse effect of the Earth in order to reduce the risk of dramatic natural cataclysms. It is necessary to develop ecological innovations, while it may not be too late. It is necessary to save the Earth through destruction for future generations.
The 21st century is the last moment to introduce global sustainable development based on the development of renewable energy and ecological innovations. Sustainable development should be analyzed and measured in correlation with the analysis of economic growth and the share of individual sectors in the country's economic development, including the transformation of traditional energy sources into renewable energy, environment reclamation and recovery of recyclable materials, and ecological innovations.
In the context of the progressive warming of the Earth's climate, the following question is of particular importance:
What kind of innovations should be created in the 21st century to develop globally the model of sustainable development of national economies?
The development of ecological innovations, technological innovations, energy RES, material innovations that support replacing substitutes with exhausted resources of energy, innovations that improve the economic efficiency of reclaiming processes, innovations reducing reclamation costs of environment devastated by industry etc. will determine the implementation and development of the sustainable model in the future development of national economies.
However, the following questions appear:
- which of these types of innovations will be the most important and for which types of innovations should certain solutions be developed to improve the economic efficiency of these processes?
- whether thanks to these innovations it will be possible to develop the model of sustainable development of national economies globally already in the 21st century?
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
Should the development of motoring in the 21st century be based on electromobility or on hydrogen-oxygen engines or other clean power technology?
In a few years, strategic classic energy raw materials, ie minerals contained in the Earth's crust, will be exhausted.
Extracting these minerals from deeper layers of the earth's crust may be unprofitable.
In addition, it may be unnecessary in a situation of global warming and the development of renewable, ecologically clean sources of energy.
However, which type of power supply for motor vehicles should be developed so that the economic, social and ecological effects are the most in line with the strategic goals of the balanced economic development of the world?
If it is electromobility it will be necessary to significantly increase the production of electricity.
In connection with the above, I am asking you the following questions:
What kind of future power plants should be created in the future in order to reconcile economic efficiency with environmental protection the most?
What types of renewable electricity should be developed in the future?
Should the development of motoring in the 21st century be based on electromobility or on hydrogen-oxygen engines or other clean power technology?
The above question inspired me to the following considerations:
Should the development of industry be burdened with additional environmental taxes in order to finance the development of energy based on renewable energy sources and reclamation of a devastated natural environment?
In subsequent years, developed countries will be under pressure to increase spending on environment-friendly targets, including financing the development of power plants based on renewable energy sources, reclamation of devastated natural environment and reduction of emissions of environmentally harmful industrial waste.
On the other hand, the increase in fiscal burdens can be transformed in a short time into a decline in business investment and a decline in the country's economic growth. However, if enterprises switched their business concepts to the production of better-quality goods and characterized by a longer period of usefulness and functioning in the product and service life cycles, then it would be possible to reduce the use of resources and reduce the negative external effects of industrial development.
In addition, the state from the collected additional pro-environmental taxes would provide public goods that would improve the level and living conditions of citizens, therefore there would be opportunities to better use and perhaps reduce spending on some other departments providing public goods such as public safety, administrative, health, etc. In the longer term, economic development would take place in a slightly different macroeconomic balance and with a slowdown in economic growth. However, this mentioned issue of exempting economic growth would no longer be negative.
Another proposal for a research topic in this field:
Should international cooperation be developed to solve problems related to the global warming?
In order to solve the problems related to the global warming of the Earth's climate, international cooperation should develop to develop a common global strategy of pro-ecological activities and sustainable development of the new green economy.
In December 2018, the United Nations climate summit in Katowice took place in Katowice. COP (Conference of the Parties) on climate policy on Earth. UN climate summits, i.e. COP (Conference of the Parties) are global conferences during which climate policy actions are negotiated. Poland twice hosted them - in 2008 in Poznań and in 2013 in Warsaw. In December 2018, the climate summit is held for the first time now in Katowice in Poland.
During this summit, conferences are held, discussions are held on the need to develop a sustainable development policy and the need for development of ecological, renewable energy sources in order to generate a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the future and ultimately reduce the average annual temperature rise on the Earth's surface. From the discussions it follows that it is necessary to develop eco-innovations, new pro-ecological energy sources, development of electromobility of transport means. It is necessary to develop and implement on a large scale renewable energy sources. In addition, it is important to increase the scale of afforestation, as forests and the flora contained in them absorb a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
As part of this year's UN Climate Summit, the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP24), 14th Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 14) and the Conference of the Paris Agreement signatories (CMA 1) are held. About 20,000 people from 190 countries participate in the event, including politicians, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and scientific and business spheres.
Perhaps during this UN climate summit important and specific agreements, declarations and signed agreements on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will be taken. The present lectures show that in recent years the warming process of the Earth's climate has accelerated significantly and therefore, in the black scenario of future climate changes, the temperature on the Earth's surface can rise by 4 ° C to the end of the 21st century. If this happened, then the scale of climate-related cataclysms that are dangerous to humans, including droughts, floods, fires and weather anomalies in many places around the world, will increase many times. The problem is very serious globally and therefore a lot depends on whether international cooperation will develop in order to limit these problems and their negative effects.
In view of the above, I would like to ask you: Should you think that international cooperation should increase to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on Earth? In addition, another key question arises: how much of this international cooperation is possible, to what extent will real and effective measures be undertaken on the basis of the discussions and declarations undertaken to reduce greenhouse gases?
In the context of the above considerations, the following question is also current:
Renewable energy, recycling, electromobility etc. are important determinants of sustainable pro-ecological development
In my opinion, such factors as effective waste segregation, recycling, reduction of plastic packaging, development of renewable energy sources, electromobility in motorization, afforestation, architectural ecological innovations, etc. are one of the most important factors to enable real implementation of sustainable pro-ecological development based on a new, green economy.
Effective segregation of rubbish, recycling, reduction of plastic packaging is one of the most important factors for the implementation of sustainable pro-ecological development.
These are the necessary determinants of the real implementation of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of green, new economics.
According to the findings of the last UN Climate Summit held in Katowice in December 2018, it is necessary to gradually withdraw from the production and use of plastic packaging, including plastic cutlery, straws, dishes and replace them with biodegradable, produced from some grains and vegetables.
Recently, the European Parliament voted for legal norms, with which this type of plastic packaging and plastic cutlery, straws and dishes will be withdrawn from 2021.
This is one of the important activities in the directions of real implementation of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of green, new economics. In addition, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of recycling and the reduction of toxic waste discharged into the environment.
For example, a cigarette butt discharged into the environment pollutes approx. 1000 liters of water. This is just an example suggesting the necessity to continue taking pro-ecological next steps. On the one hand, the role of the state and the media in the issue of pro-ecological education of the society is important. On the other hand, the industry that generates various types of waste, polluting the natural environment, the industry that produces non-degradable or non-biodegradable and toxic packaging and products that are currently not recyclable should be burdened with the costs of implementing new recycling technologies, reclamation of degraded natural environment and removal of toxic waste from this environment.
Only then will the economic pressure force the creation of new eco-innovations, the production of goods from biodegradable materials or materials that can be safely neutralized or burnt in garbage incinerators.
The electrical energy necessary to supply the aforementioned pro-ecological undertakings should come as far as possible from the development of renewable energy sources. Besides, it is necessary to develop electromobility in the automotive industry, etc. Only the synergy of these various pro-ecological undertakings will generate new categories of added value, which in the future will increase the economic efficiency of these processes.
Only this way will it be possible to implement real sustainable development based on the concept of a green, new economy.
In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:
How can environmental protection and biodiversity be improved by using current ecological technologies?
Due to the current civilization progress in recent decades, acceleration of the development of industry, automotive, urban agglomerations, intensification of agricultural production, etc. and related greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, ozone layer depletion in the atmosphere, increase of environmental pollution, growing problem of smog in urban agglomerations, the increase in pollution of the seas and oceans to which unsorted waste is thrown away is cut out as part of the predatory economy of tropical forests in the Amazon and other largest natural forest ecosystems.
In addition, the secondary effect of global warming of the Earth's climate is the increasing, more frequent weather anomalies, including drought, leading to steppe and desertification of areas that were previously natural forest ecosystems or areas exploited by agriculture.
As a result of the above-mentioned processes, every year many species of flora and fauna disappear forever.
As a result, natural biodiversity diminishes, which for millions of years evolved evolutionally on Earth.
In this way the natural resources of the planet Earth are irretrievably in decline.
In view of the above, the issue of environmental protection and biodiversity is one of the most important challenges of humanity in the 21st century.
Classical economics must change towards a green economy based on the strategy of sustainable pro-ecological development.
to adjust our consumption to what our planet can swallow. This is necessary not because of CC
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