Nano-fertilizers are of submicroscopic sizes, have a large surface area to volume ratio, can have nutrient encapsulation, and greater mobility hence they may increase plant nutrient access and crop yield. Due to these properties, nano-fertilizers are regarded as deliverable 'smart system of nutrients'. Nanotechnology is playing important role in agriculture sector, as use of Nano fertilizers can help to decrease the amount of fertilizers through the smart delivery of active ingredients; increased nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency, and decrease fertilizer losses through volatilization, leaching and runoff. Nano-fertilizers are more soluble, reactive, and they can increase penetration through the cuticle that allows for targeted delivery and controlled release. Crop growth, yield, quality, and nutrient use efficiency are all improved by nano-fertilizers, which reduce abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity.

Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. Nanofertilizers are emerging as a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Nanofertilizers may exert a positive role through slow nutrient release and increased nutrient use efficiency. Nanofertilizers have been shown to increase abiotic stress tolerance in several cases, but not always. Nano fertilizers provide more surface area and more availability of nutrient to the crop plant which help to increase these quality parameters of the plant by enhancing the rate of reaction or synthesis process in the plant system. Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. Nano-fertilizers are of submicroscopic sizes, have a large surface area to volume ratio, can have nutrient encapsulation, and greater mobility hence they may increase plant nutrient access and crop yield. Due to these properties, nano-fertilizers are regarded as deliverable 'smart system of nutrients'. Nanotechnology, as nanoscale biosensors and nanoparticles, to get an inside look at and manipulate processes like the spread of pathogens. Innovations in nanotechnology can help safeguard food security and protect the public from pathogens in food, water and the environment. Nanomaterials improved contents of nutrition characteristics in various plants via modulating nutrient concentrations, increasing chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and enhancing key enzymes activity

Dr Okram Ricky Devi thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Nano fertilizers provide more surface area and more availability of nutrient to the crop plant which help to increase these quality parameters of the plant by enhancing the rate of reaction or synthesis process in the plant system. Nano-fertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic reactions in the plant which increase rate of photosynthesis and produce more dry matter and yield of the crop. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. This approach not only increases nutrient-use efficiency, but also minimizes nutrient leaching into ground water. Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. Their use benefits the crops and soils as under: Controlled-release of nutrients. Reduce nutrients fixation and losses by denitrification and volatilization. Increase nutrients availability. Nanotechnology is a promising way to boost crop production, enhance crop tolerance and decrease the environmental pollution. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding innovative nanotechnology in crop production, which could help us respond to agricultural challenges. Nanofertilizers can increase the nutrient use efficiency, thus being beneficial for nutrition management. These nutrients are bound to the nano-absorbents that are applied either alone or in combination and release the nutrients at a slower rate than that of conventional fertilizers.

1. Sustainability: The nanoparticles can encapsulate or bind with the nutrients, preventing their leaching or runoff. This reduces nutrient loss and make the nutrients more accessible to plant roots, improving nutrient uptake efficiency.

2. Food security: Traditional fertilizers often results in nutrient losses through leaching or volatilization, which not only wastes resources but also leads to environmental pollution. Nano fertilizers can reduce these losses by improving the solubility and availability of nutrients in the soil. This improved nutrient use efficiency allows farmers to achieve higher yields with lower fertilizer application rate, making agricultural practices more sustainable and cost-effective.

The above points w.r.t nanofertilizers can play a major role in agriculture.

Dr Supriya Singh thank you for your contribution to the discussion

what is the position of nano fertilizers in agriculture. are they complements? supplements or substitute to convectional fertilization?

Dr Khalfan Awadhi Mtua thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. These nanofertilizers can solve the main problem of traditional fertilizers by allowing the slow and sustained release of nutrients over an extended period. They also have high reactivities because of their small sizes, high surface areas, and increased productivity. Food packaging: Nanotechnology is used to develop food packaging materials that can extend the shelf life of food products by blocking the transfer of oxygen, moisture, and other gases that can cause spoilage. Uses improved materials to add value to agriculture, by exploiting the nanoscale properties. Nanotechnology, as applied to agriculture, is bridging the gap in nutrient loss and fortification of crops. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. Nanofertilizers contain NPs capable of controlling the rate at which fertilizers are released into the soil, allowing farmers to use lesser fertilizer while maintaining the same crop output. Several approaches are considered for designing nanofertilizers that can control the release of nutrients and reduce water loss.Nano-fertilizers are of submicroscopic sizes, have a large surface area to volume ratio, can have nutrient encapsulation, and greater mobility hence they may increase plant nutrient access and crop yield. Due to these properties, nano-fertilizers are regarded as deliverable 'smart system of nutrients'.These vital nutrients are delivered to crops in a controlled manner. Since nano-fertilisers have a high surface area to volume ratio, they deliver nutrients to plants faster and prove to be more effective in order to achieve higher crop yields. Nanofertilizers reduce nitrogen loss as leaching, emissions and long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms by slow and controlled release of fertilizers hence, soil become more porous by decreasing toxic effects related with fertilizers over use.