While both multiantenna systems and MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antennas involve using multiple antennas, they are distinct in terms of their functionality and complexity:
Multiantenna system:
General term: Refers to any system that uses multiple antennas, regardless of the specific technique employed.
Functionality: Can utilize various antenna-related techniques like diversity combining (to improve signal quality) or beamforming (to focus the signal in a specific direction).
Complexity: Can be relatively simple, just requiring multiple antennas and basic circuitry for switching or combining signals.
MIMO antenna:
Specific technology: A type of multiantenna system that employs special techniques to transmit and receive multiple data streams simultaneously across the multiple antennas.
Functionality: Utilizes advanced techniques like spatial multiplexing (to effectively create multiple independent channels) or coding schemes to enhance data throughput, capacity, and reliability.
Complexity: More complex than general multiantenna systems, requiring dedicated hardware and software to process and manage the multiple data streams, including channel estimation and signal precoding.
Here's an analogy to understand the difference:
Multiantenna system: Think of it as having multiple microphones to improve audio quality (e.g., a conference room system).
MIMO antenna: Think of it as having multiple microphones and speakers that can play different songs simultaneously without interference (e.g., surround sound system).
In summary:
Multiantenna system: Broader term encompassing any system with multiple antennas.
MIMO antenna: A specific type of multiantenna system that uses advanced techniques for enhanced data transmission and reception.