Different treatment processes consume energy demand of variable quantities based on the removal paths of different pollutants, oxygen requirement, environmental conditions, and effluent requirement; as examples to name. Now, what makes activated sludge system and it modification consumes more energy [kWh/kg BOD] than attached growth type of treatment systems [Trickling filters, RBCs]?. How reduce energy consumption at sewage works?
Attached growth based treatment technologies [TF, RBCs, MBBR] are no more attractive considering stringent environmental standards and beneficial uses of treated/reclaimed water? Sustainable Energy-Water-Food nexus is achievable if integrated approaches are considered. Save energy by installing UASB-MBR while producing freshwater for all uses,
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