I am preparing spectral converter for solar cell using up-conversion luminescent powder. There are activator ions like trivalent Tm, Er, Ho, Nd ions mainly researched in various host like Y2O3, NaYF4, Sr2SiO4, various glass matrix etc. Can anybody suggest how to design the up-conversion materials by properly selecting Host and activator ions? Which activator is appropriate for which host and vice versa? Is there any factors to govern the efficiency?

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