Evolution runs in perpetuity for billions of years, with innumerable remarkable

innovations inspired and catalyzed by both cooperation and conflict. Bacteria in nature are categorized into beneficial and harmful ones. They have evolved the capacity to communicate chemically to coordinate attacks on others, and a willingness to commit suicide for the greater good of the community. At the very early stage of biological evolution Mother Nature conducted a great experiment: Bacteria and Archaea came together in a fusion event to

synthesize a whole new domain of life, the Eukarya. Over the past 600 million years the Bacteria, Archaea and microbial Eukarya have continued to evolve into brand new niches. In the process thet have created new substances for bacteria to exploit and new environments to inhabit. What conditions detemine the nature of interactions? Do such interactions offer some clues? How such interactions could be exploited to solve the environmental problems humanity is facing today?

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