canada has a secretariat that investigates whether there have been breaches of integrity in a research setting. https://tgam.ca/2NoQTJI
the article comes a couple of weeks after an expose of a major ethics breach at a prominent cancer research lab. https://tgam.ca/2Tw0EH7
researchers may be reprimanded, mostly in private, for falsification, plagiarism, or - as with one researcher - misspending $200,000 of funding on personal items and travel.