In Algeria we have a board or committee of the Doctoral Training (CTD). Once the research topic is approved by the council, the student prepares his PhD research was supervised by his supervisor. Once the work is completed the student must submit his work to the Scientific Council with a publication and the various reports of members and the Supervisor who make up the jury. When the scientific council agrees, a public defense date will be selected, the PhD student will defend the work before this jury

For postgraduate research students, the following steps and committees are in action in our University:

1. Research supervisor will finalize the research topic of the the scholar by giving few sittings

2. Then the synopsis will be presented in the Departmental research committee (DRC) for consideration, suggestions for improvement and finalization

3. Then synopsis will be presented before Board of Studies for consideration where some research experts consider it.

4. Then, finally, synopsis is presented before the Academic Council of the University for approval

5. After approval by the Academic council, the scholar finally registered for research to be completed in four years, extendable to one more year.

Thanks!

When I did the masters program, I had a main supervisor and 2 other supervisors.  All of us worked closely together.  They read all the drafts, and if there was something that was not right, they would kindly get me to do the corrections. Most times they communicated to me by email.  My main supervisor was kind enough to give me a study corner in his office.  And when I did the PhD, I had 3 supervisors.  The main person read all my drafts.  The statistician checked that I was correct in all my analyses.  And the external supervisor in Australia provided me a lot of literature, because he had worked on parallel topic.  The thesis was sent to him before the defense.  Only the main supervisor sat on the exam committee, together with the faculty head, an internal examiner and external examiner.

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In my country, it does not send doctorate project to external reviewers before the beginning of the study. The young candidate looking for a first promoter, professor or PhD, who wants to take someone under their care, of course, someone who has the abilities and knowledge in the field, which deals with the future promoter. After a few years, (3) research (agriculture, horticulture, cultivation - where the cycle must be repeatable) collects literature and writes hearing, which after assessing the promoter and acceptance is sent to external reviewers. The new form of the process of obtaining the degree of PhD is a bit different, but not simpler. The young man must write a publication based on individual research and publish it in a journal with IF, must be the sole or first author of this article, a further step is the same, sent to external reviewers who assess the achievements of the doctoral student and decide if his work and contributions are important and that on this basis it can be given a title of assistant.

In my own ( and many other UK universities) PhD is 3years full time (with min/max periods of study outlined) and approx 2 years longer if part-time. Some add 1 year if preceded by Masters in Research (MRes)

Again, as above, reflective of many there are three stages after the start and allocation of a team of 3 supervisors (Director of Studies - DoS, 2nd and third supervisor) - 1a. registration (a proposal for research - we specify 3 months), a Faculty then university committee need to approve the proposal - DoS speaks to this at committee. 1b. Ethical approval using pro formae (occurs at same time as registration or staggered by one month). This is to a separate university committee - registration relies on successful ethical approval.

May this stage, if registered, the student is MPhil candidate (Master of Philosophy)

2. After 1 year an enhanced document is drawn up by the student (more literature and more robust method/methodological argument) with perhaps a pilot study having been completed. The document is referred to as a transfer.The DoS organises an internal independent oral examination of the student/accompanying document. If the examiner selected is satisfied that the work and trajectory is doctoral level, the student is granted a transfer from MPhil. To PhD study. The student then has two years to complete fieldwork and write up thesis. It is expected that on this journey they are challenged by their committee, present at conference and seminar and are able to develop publishable output

Initially the supervisory committee helps the student mould and develop the ideas/concept and helps with the ethics process, in doing so develops the student to link issue, aims, objectives, research questions, literature and methodology overlaid with ethics but also challenges them on choices and approach, this develops into enabling them to become independent researchers by transfer stage and full researchers prior to, and at thesis (via challenge, seminar, conference and hopefully articles.

a team has to have 3 successful supervisions within the three committee members or have an experienced supervisor on the team (with three completed supervisions - this is usually DoS)

the DoS arranges for external and internal examiners for the viva voce (defense) but in UK the committee does not participate in the final examination however the student can ask for an independent to chair a viva voce also they can request one of their committee sit in as an observer only (the committee member cannot however sit facing a candidate or speak in the proceedings).

the thesis needs to be with examiners for at least one calendar month prior to examination and examiners written reports precede the examination and are shared after return by all examiners before the examination. The supervisory committee and candidate cannot be made aware of these reports.

there are variations in the above based on time or type of registration, across institutions based on whether a student is allowed to go straight for PhD and bypass a transfer process (if have Masters already) or if partially studied PhDs are transferred in.

Dear Debra

It depends on each country and each university. In my college you can watch the stream in the next linkhttp: //www.ull.es/view/institucional/ull/Docencia_y_profesorado/es

Clicking on the section PhD