The oxide in question has Nickel in 3+ valance state with some oxygen deficiency but Ni2+ is more stable state of Nickel. So will the large surface to volume ratio in nanosize island of the compound favor the stable state (2+) by releasing oxygen or it will reduce the oxygen vacancies by acquiring more oxygen? In other words will the increase in reactivity due to large surface to volume ratio reduce of increase the oxygen deficiency in this case?

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