someone please explain what is the nature of histone binding to plasmid DNA in CYTOPLASM
1) Does histone bind in form of nucleosome to plasmid? or they float in the cytoplasm as individual entity, and these individual entity is able to bind to plasmid?
2) does histone binding to plasmid occurs in non-specific non-sequential manner?
Histones are highly basic proteins that are abundant in lysine and arginine residues. They are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and play a crucial role in DNA packaging and gene regulation.
Histones act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes, in turn, are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin.
Histones bind to DNA through electrostatic attraction between the positively charged histones and the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA. This tight wrapping of DNA around histones is a result of this electrostatic attraction. The linker histone H1 binds the nucleosome at the entry and exit sites of the DNA, thus locking the DNA into place and allowing the formation of higher-order structures.
However, it is important to note that plasmid-DNA is typically found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, histone-like proteins bind to the DNA to segregate it into chromosomal domains and make it more compact. This helps to enable a large macromolecule like DNA to fit within the bacterium.
1.) Therefore, histones do not bind to plasmid-DNA in the cytoplasm as individual entities. Instead, prokaryotes employ histone-like proteins to compact their DNA and facilitate its organization within the cytoplasm.
2.) Histone binding to plasmid-DNA in prokaryotes occurs in a non-specific and non-sequential manner. Histone-like proteins in prokaryotes bind to DNA to compact it and facilitate its organization within the cytoplasm. This binding helps segregate the DNA into chromosomal domains and make it more compact. The exact mechanism of histone-like protein binding to plasmid-DNA may vary depending on the specific protein and plasmid involved.
Thank you so much Gina Lauffer for your brief response. Actually I missed to elaborate that when I say plasmid, it means plasmid vector, as these vectors are used in gene therapy to cure sevral diseases. so when these vectors are present inside eukaryotic cells (eg human), how does histone present in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells bind to these vectors.
Could you please help me gain a better understanding of this?
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