According to Khan academy.org, terra nasa.gov, and usgs.gov, the energy from the Sun plays a crucial role in the water cycle, which includes the ocean. Here’s how it works:
Evaporation: The Sun’s energy warms the ocean surface and other surface water, causing liquid water to evaporate. This process transforms water from a liquid state to a gaseous state, known as water vapor.
Sublimation: Besides evaporation, the Sun’s energy can cause ice to sublime, which means it turns directly from a solid to a gas.
Formation of Clouds: These sun-driven processes move water into the atmosphere through water vapor. Over time, this water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into clouds.
Precipitation: Eventually, these clouds lead to precipitation through rain or snow.
Return to Ocean: The precipitation then reaches Earth’s surface, where it may evaporate again, flow over the surface, infiltrate the soil, or percolate into the ground. A significant portion of this water eventually returns to the ocean, completing the cycle.
So yes, energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas through evaporation and sublimation. This is a vital part of the global water cycle.
The sun warms up parts of the oceans. Warm waters rise just like warm air rises. So, as the warmer ocean waters begin to rise in a particular area, the cooler ocean waters from a different area will move in to replace the warmer ocean waters, and this creates our ocean currents. When water molecules are heated, they exchange freely with the air in a process called evaporation. Ocean water is constantly evaporating, increasing the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air to form rain and storms that are then carried by trade winds. The sun provides what almost everything on Earth needs to go energy, or heat. Heat causes liquid and frozen water to evaporate into water vapor gas, which rises high in the sky to form clouds and clouds that move over the globe and drop rain and snow. This process is a large part of the water cycle. The sun warms up parts of the oceans. Warm waters rise just like warm air rises. So, as the warmer ocean waters begin to rise in a particular area, the cooler ocean waters from a different area will move in to replace the warmer ocean waters, and this creates our ocean currents. Heat from the sun evaporates water from the oceans. Water rises into the air as vapor and travels with the wind. If the air begins to cool such as when air warmed by the Earth's surface rises or when wind drives air up and over mountains the air loses its ability to hold water. Energy from the sun heats Earth's surface, warms the atmosphere, provides energy for photosynthesis, causes evaporation, drives the weather and water cycles, and powers the ocean currents. Over 96% of total global water is in the ocean, so let's start there. Energy from the sun causes water on the surface to evaporate into water vapor a gas. This invisible vapor rises into the atmosphere, where the air is colder, and condenses into clouds. Air currents move these clouds all around the earth. In the water cycle, evaporation occurs when sunlight warms the surface of the water. The heat from the sun makes the water molecules move faster and faster, until they move so fast they escape as a gas. Once evaporated, a molecule of water vapor spends about ten days in the air.