Does anyone have an idea about the wave port or lumped port in hfss ,which should be used especially for microstrip patch antenna in uwb range i.e 3.1 to 10.6GHz. And does any one have the idea about the radiation box dimension..
I have designed and antenna from a research paper for uwb range but want the dimension of radiation box.
design and paper is attached with this question.
Wave port for probe-fed micrpstrip patch antennas and Lumped port for line -fed micrpstrip patch antennas
J.M.J.W Jayasinghe is quite correct, but there are many more things to know about lumped and wave ports , which are listed below.
With lump port=> the excitation is applied at a point/cell, as a voltage or current.
With wave-port=> the excitation is so-called eigen-wave, such as the quasi-tem wave supported by a microstrip line. It applies over a cross-sectional area.
voltage is scalar, wave is vector by nature, hence there are substantial difference between the two. So use waveport whenever possible, because "simulation of wave phenomenon" is what HFSS is designed for. And compare with the "correct" measurement whenever possible (i.e. measure "wave", not simply "voltage").
In case of lumped port -- It is easy to applied and people found that good/reasonable results can be obtained. if the frequency is low enough or the excitation is applied at sufficiently small area, then the "wave" can be described by some "voltage" or "current", which must be "measured"/"calculated"/de-embedded/etc in the correct manner.
if the excitation can be applied on some locally uniform region then waveport should be used.
if geometry/material discontinuities are near/closer to the point of excitation=>lumped port might be the only way.
waveports can only be applied to external boundary, whereas lumped ports can be applied to both external and internal. But de-embeding is only possible in wave ports.
The results of waveports and lumped are never going to be the same .
Normally, the radiation boundaries are to taken as atleast lambda/4 from each radaiting edge. This lambda is calculated for lowest resonating frequency of your design. For example for uwb design it will calculated for 3 GHz.
J.M.J.W Jayasinghe and Anurag Misra has correctly explain. To add to it, generally, at low freq. go for lumped port and High freq. better to go for waveport
Also lumped port can be integrated in your design, if you need some special alimentation and to study the effect of your port on the radiation pattern, you can extend your radiation bounderies unlike Wave port wich will be taken out of your radiation bounderies,
Why is the lumped port taken inside the radiation boundary whereas the waveport is assigned as the edge of it?
dear abhishek,
in general, go with wave port if your design is using probe fed, and lumped port for line feeding.
on the other hand..also agree with Amipara Manilal D
Generally you should use lumped port if the feed is a line and if the reference impedance is known. A lumped port always needs a reference impedance.
A wave port is a more general case where the solver assumes you have an infinite waveguide behind it and the port is simply an interface coupling energy into the system being fed
The face of radiation box should be lambda/4 away from the patch (lambda as per the lowest frequency). Go for Lumped port if you are using a radiation box covering your model in all directions (i.e. the antenna will radiate in an omni directional manner which is generally the case with UWB antennas). But if your antenna is conventional patch antenna which radiates in upper hemisphere only then go for waveport (as the radiation box will be placed in upper hemisphere above the patch)
1. In practice, there is no existence of wave port or lumped port, hence, do not think to use any one of them.
2. In practice, we use coaxial probe to give the excitation ( either on microstrip antenna directly or through micostrip line. In microstrip line, the signal is fed using coaxial probe (SMA connector))
3. hence, draw your design in HFSS as per practice scenario. Draw coaxial probe to give the RF signal.
4. in HFSS, only waveport is supported at the coaxial probe to account the even and odd property of a signal (which is not included in Lumped port).
5. hence, draw wave port at the end of your coaxial probe.
Lumped port are always applied inside the radiation box. At the boundary of radiation box always use waveport.
Radiation box dimensions are 2* lamda/6 + width, 2*lamda/6+length, and 2*lamda /6 +height
Remember that the body is exactly middle of radiation box
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