If I were reviewing such an article, I would think that the native word for the cultural concept or practice would be appropriate, as long as it is properly explained. If the culture in question uses a non-Roman alphabet, I would suggest translating.

For example, a Chinese term would be in Pin-Yin, rather than the Chinese characters.

I think that the explanation is most appropriate in the body text of your article, immediately adjacent to your first use of the term.

I agree with Michael W. Marek but would add that frequency may play a role in the decision.

If a transliterated term or concept is used only once, it will generally be italicised. If it's used throughout the text, subsequent occurrences may appear in roman.

In a volume on crisis and discourse I co-edited, we had a chapter on urban riots in Greece and words in the Greek alphabet, transliterations and translations were used side by side.

I think the best practice is a direct translation of the concept from the native language to English. If additional information is need, it is added in the body text of your article, or as a footnote.