I suggest that you check out the two following references to answer your question:
J. Lambers, "The Eigenvalue Problem: Properties and Decompositions", Lecture note, 2009 - http://www.math.usm.edu/lambers/mat610/sum10/lecture12.pdf
X. Zheng, "Eigenvalue Problem for General Matrices", Lecture note, 2017 - http://math.utep.edu/Faculty/xzeng/2017spring_math5330/2017spring_math5330/MATH_5330_Computational_Methods_of_Linear_Algebra_files/ln14.pdf
The eigenvalues of a matrix A are first calculated with the characteristic equaton |A-lambda*I|=0 and then the eigenvectors {Phi} are obtained with [A-lambda*I]*{Phi}={0} for each lambda