It's a bit outside my area of expertise but usually when the actual phenomena is not measurable I try to model the phenomena(s) that cause it.

In your particular case I believe there are two or three very important variables: meteorology, and level of "dryness" of dust or dirt surfaces. From here it is at least possible to make some kind of risk assessment where you may be able to perceive the areas of high probability or arising a dust storm.

Dear Abdul M M Ziyath 

thank you very much for youarticle, but i would like to know more about Back trajectory analysis

Dear Pedro Correia: thanks a lot for your cooperation about my question.

Dear Mohammad Khosroshahi,

What is your kind of data? If your data is from a ground statition, back-trajectories can be an effective method. Se for example the paper in the link (A combined observational and modeling approach to study modern dust transport from the Patagonia desert to East Antarctica). I'm think that NOAA's HYSPLIT model is very simple to learn and use for back-trajectories (It even can be used from the internet, although this option is less flexible).

http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/8287/2010/acp-10-8287-2010.html

http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php

Dear Alexandre Castagna

thank you so much for your reply and article web & adress

I would use the NAAPS images that are updated four time each day, at http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/index_shortcuts.html and use the NAAPS CURRENT for the latest maps, and use the NAAPS ARCHIVE for older maps.  The most detailed atmospheric dust maps that are currently available. 

Dear Craig Dremann

thank you for attention to my question 

The detail on the NAAPS maps should get you down to one degree by one degree for the source, but since the real time mapping and quantitative measurement of the dust cloud science is less than a decade old, it is quite amazing that we are able to separate the dust from the other airborne particles like smoke, clouds, etc.  What part of the world are you looking at the Dust Clouds?  I have been looking in the India to Arabia area for years. 

Dear Craig Dremann

dust storms which affected Iran's area, was formed in a few country like Saudia arabia, syria and Iraq country. these areas are very large and explode, so determining source areas is difficult especially these source is located out of my country.

I have attached two pictures from the area of Africa to SE Asia from today's NAAPS atmospheric dust image, with one being a close-up view of the dust cloud forming over southwestern Pakistan.  

Dear Sagar Parajuli

thank you for reply, but i have a question. in the map of your article , i see Iran's domain, but there is no the area of dust storms source while there are afganestan and pakestan.

That corner of the Pakistan-Iran border was the source of the atmospheric dust for that day and for that time, and is not from an article, but is the daily NAAPS image on the web.   And today's dust and smoke images, attached, shows dust originating from Arabia and NE India.  

The source of the atmospheric dust is going to change hour-by-hour in the India to Arabia area, depending on winds and weather.  However, this is the first time I have seen the Dust Cloud in India, almost all summer, and this may indicate drier or drought conditions in that country, which if continue next year, may cause more droughts and famines?

Another way to view the Dust Cloud is when a cyclone is coming by, and watch the images at RAMMB at http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/products/tc_realtime/archive.asp?product=16kmgwvp&storm_identifier=IO952014 like today.  That is my personal favorite, and I love the colors and have used these images to make paintings about the battle between the Pakistan-Arabia Dust Cloud and the monsoon moisture.

If you run the loop function on that web page, you can see exactly where the dust clouds are originating and which direction they travel. 

I have used satellite imaging and ground based digital camera imaging.  Of course, the satellite images can be hit or miss because of the temporal resolution generally being to low to detect and monitor active dust storms, however, with the revisits of any given site over the time frame of years sooner or later a dust storm can be imaged.  If the spatial resolution is good enough (250m of MODIS is minimal and 30m of Landsat very good) dust sources can begin to be mapped.  Of course this is if  a huge dust cloud does not cover the entire region ..... such as the HUGE dust cloud from a dust storm that covered a large portion of the Arabian Peninsula a few days ago ..... see the attached slides below.

A stand-alone digital cameras in the field that takes an image every 15 minutes or so when the winds get above a pre-selected threshold (about 6m/s) can also help pin point local dust sources.  Using these two types of image data sets has helped identify and monitor dust sources in the Southwestern United States; the satellite images have help detect and look at very large dust storms and regional dust sources not only in the Southwestern United States but also Northern Africa and Western China.

Pat

This matter concern the area that wind coming, but you must remmember that the area of wind process is very big, so you can use satellite images lab. of soil. remmember also that wind storm will carry dust from far source.

Prof. Mushtaha

Do back trajectory analisis using HYSPLIT.

1-satellite images and models

2-tracers

3-pollen

4-radiunoclides

more in Aba et al., 2016. Radiunoclides .....in Kuwai. Radiology

Good reference for this:

A Aba, AM Al-Dousari, A Ismaeel. Depositional characteristics of 7Be and 210Pb in Kuwaiti dust . Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307 (1), 15-23.

Dear Ali Al-Dousari

السلام علیکم

Thank you very much for your answer and introduce some article