what are the parameters of transformations in urban form which can be regulated by the various regulatory interventions or may be the contraventions and violations in the building regulations which has resulted in the transformations.
There are several different influences between regulations and urban transformations, but I would suggest you to consider three aspects of the questions that, in my opinion represent the most direct links between these two fields. They are: 1) Land uses, 2) Density, 3) Specific regualtions about typology and characters of buildings.
The interactions between these three factors determine the urban form, as well as the features of the urban realm. It is a issue that involves several different other topics, as the sustainability of the urban realm, and its ecological footprint.
City Rules: How Regulations Affect Urban Form, Emily Talen, Island Press, 2012.
this book concerns the US situation, but can be useful.
I suggest to also consider regulations on scenery (scenic view ordinances and codes), which usually imply height restrictions and other such measures. similar topics will be dealt with in the coming international conference Vertical City (Lyon, FR, november 2015).
Thanks Claudia
I have read Emily Talen's book, the work is worth reading but she has actually highlighted the evolution of forms for different set of regulations at different point of time especially in US and some European countries......
will try to keep a track of the conference.
I wish to explore the the transformation in the Urban Form may be due to change in socio-economic condition and lifestyle of people inhabiting the place or may be due to change in land use or density or specific regulations as pointed by Mario.
There is a big research literature on this issue, but it is a very broad question, really. Answers could range from work by the CNU on form based codes e.g. Duany, A. and E. Plater-Zyberk (2003). Smartcode.
Research that focuses specifically on law and urban form:
Nivola, P. S. (1999). Laws of the Landscape: How Policies shape Cities in Europe and America. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution Press.
Also research looking at the role of regulation and behaviour:
Valverde, M. (2012). Everyday law on the street : city governance in an age of diversity. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
Thank you Sorensen Sir,
Actually I am looking into the regulations pertaining to the FAR/FSI and ground coverage and density..... somewhat in like with the concept of spacematrix.
for example how much is the low FSI in Mumbai is affecting over all urban structure and urban form and to what extent is it responsible for the transformation of the built structure of the city.
It hinders organic growth of most cities, given the fact most laws are quite restrictive
It hinders organic growth of most cities, given the fact most laws are quite restrictive
Just a quick hint, in case you're interested in a formal aspect of this very complex issue.
As we know, even some simple urban rules (or practices) like buildings replacement or the opening of new streets can make a huge impact on urban form.
In that sense, I would recommend the book "Great Streets" by Allan Jacobs, MIT Press, 1993, of which I'm sending you a small (visual) sample of urban transformation in time at the city center of Boston, USA.
@Adedayo: quiet often the organic growth or organic form of the city is not desirable rather they are in general uncontrolled and haphazard in the absence of any regulations so some form of regulation is always necessary/required. though in general they have been found to be restrictive as you have pointed, that is why they lead to so much contraventions and violations...... but the question arises how much zoning or other building regulations are optimum or how much control is necessary and how much flexibility is required.
thanks Carvalho Sir,
i will definitely try to go through the book..... City in fact is a dynamic entity and hence is the society therefore the characteristic and form keeps on changing and transforming... that is why i am trying to look into this aspect of form and regulations
You can also have a look at "Grand Urban Rules" (Alex Lehnerer, NAi, 2013).
Probably, Architecture of the city by Aldo Rossi (The Architecture of the City/Aldo Rossi; introduction by Peter Eisenman, Cambridge, The MIT press, 1984) is a text published fifty years ago, but it still remains a fundamental treatise for someone who studies the form of the city and especially the passage from the historical city of XIX century to the modern and contemporary one. The most important aspect of this book that makes it still current is the different level analysis Rossi operates on modern city, from the critic made to the arid functionalism, to the introduction of history into the design theory. Many of the terms cited by the colleagues before were analysed also by Aldo Rossi and this parallel, I am sure, will be useful for you.
India is a classic example of where restriction on land use has resulted in urban spread where while the CBT growth is more or less stagnant and other hand periphery is growing. Delhi is classic example.
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