Soil microorganisms play an important role in the decomposition of SOM (soil organic matter). These microbes break down organic molecules into simpler compounds and release nutrients into the soil that can be used by plants for growth. The nutrients released by soil microorganisms include nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential elements that plants need to survive. Nutrient recycling is important for crop productivity because it ensures that the soil is provided with the necessary nutrients for plants to thrive. Soil microorganisms also play an important role in improving soil structure, suppressing disease, and improving water infiltration and storage. This helps to ensure that the soil is well-aerated and can support healthy plant growth.

Ese es justo, el papel de los microorganismos eficientes, actuar en la descomposición, en este sentido se pueden utilizar como aceleradores de la descomposición, incluso ampliando las superficies del material a descomponer, al repicar todo el material.

Article The fungal feeding channel of soil micro‐food web contribute...

Soil microorganisms are essential for a healthy soil structure. It plays a role in the soil's process of absorbing organic waste. They ensure that organic wastes are used as organic and organomineral fertilizers and that plant nutrients are converted into absorbable form by plants.

Micro-organisms, earthworms and insects help break down crop residues and manures by ingesting them and mixing them with the minerals in the soil, and in the process recycling energy and plant nutrients. Sticky substances on the skin of earthworms and those produced by fungi and bacteria help bind particles together. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is simultaneously a source and sinks for nutrients and plays a vital role in soil fertility maintenance. Several Microorganisms are present in soil ecosystem and they have various properties to decompose the organic carbon fraction like Cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, chitin and lipids present in soil organic matter. Decomposition is a mostly microbial mediated process, although its actual rate and extend are influenced by environmental variables, including soil temperature, moisture, oxygen, nitrogen content, the quality and quantity of available carbon substrates as well as soil management. Decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and accurate estimates of SOC decomposition are important for forest carbon modeling and ultimately for decision making relative to carbon sequestration and mitigation of global climate change. Soil microbes are a dynamic component of soil and performed many beneficial functions in the soil system. Microbes help in different biological transformation such as organic matter conversion and biological nitrogen fixation. Moreover, they enhanced the availability of nutrients to the plants. Rhizosphere bacteria may improve the uptake of nutrients to plants and/or produce plant growth promoting compounds. They also protect plant root surfaces from colonization by pathogenic microbes through direct competitive effects and production of antimicrobial agents. Soil microbes offer nutrient-dense nourishment improved crop production and recycle soil solutions. They play an essential role in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients, and fertilizing the soil. Besides, they improve plant growth on various physiological parameters of plants by a number of mechanisms. The mechanism involved in growth promotion includes plant growth regulators, production of different metabolites, and conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia in direct and indirect ways.

An organism, either plant or animal, dies microorganisms starts growing on them. They secrete enzymes that change the dead organic matter to smaller molecules. These are eventually recycled back to the atmosphere as methane (CH4) and CO2. Within food plant cropping systems, microorganisms provide vital functions and ecosystem services, such as biological pest and disease control, promotion of plant growth and crop quality, and biodegradation of organic matter and pollutants. Soil bacteria perform recycling of soil organic matter through different processes, and as a result they produce and release into the soil inorganic molecules that can be consumed by plants and microorganisms to grow and perform their functions. Microorganisms have the potential to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions by promoting the production of low-molecular-weight osmolytes, such as glycinebetaine, proline, and other amino acids, mineral phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, organic acids, and producing key enzymes. Due to their close proximity to plant roots, soil microbes significantly affect soil and crop health. Some of the activities they perform include nitrogen-fixation, phosphorus solubilization, suppression of pests and pathogens, improvement of plant stress, and decomposition that leads to soil aggregation. Microorganisms have potential roles to play in sustainable agricultural production due to their ability to promote plant growth and enhance biotic and abiotic stress resistance, remediate contaminated soils, recycle nutrients, manage soil fertility, and weather and mineralize rocks and other abilities. Organic matter decomposition serves two functions for the microorganisms, providing energy for growth and suppling carbon for the formation of new cells. Soil organic matter (SOM) is composed of the "living" (microorganisms), the "dead" (fresh residues), and the "very dead" (humus) fractions. Organic matter is broken down into carbon dioxide and the mineral forms of nutrients like nitrogen. It is also converted into fungi and bacteria through these organisms feeding on the organic material and reproducing.The amount of water in the soil, both indirectly and directly, affects the decomposition rate of organic matter. Indirectly, a wet soil results in a slower break down because water fills the air spaces in the soil, depriving the microbes of oxygen.