Do current consolidation processes of globalized financial systems strengthen these systems or rather increase the level of systemic credit risk and thus may destabilize domestic and global economies in the future?

THE PROCESSES OF CAPITAL CONSOLIDATION AND CONCENTRATION AS DETERMINANTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN POLAND

In connection with the system and socio-economic transformation which was initiated in Poland since 1989, intensified globalization processes take place in various spheres of economy, including the field of banking. Financial institutions including commercial banks are the entities which face not only the processes of globalization but above all these processes co-create. The key attributes of globalization include deregulation processes, computerization and internationalization. Currently operating financial system in Poland, including the banking sector, is among the best ones to meet EU standards and simultaneously globalized sectors of the economy. The key date for this issue was 2004, where Poland made an accession to the European Union structures.

The distinctive characteristic of the banking system in Poland is the clear superiority of universal, classical deposit and loan banking with a slightly developed segment of specialized investment banking operating mainly in capital markets. Since investment banking is still developed in much narrow scope than in developed countries, it is generally accepted that in Poland there was no source of financial crisis, which began in the investment banking of highly developed countries in the autumn of 2008 [Kalinowski, Pronobis, 2015, p. 142]. On the other hand, the aforementioned global financial crisis also flowed to Poland, mainly in 2009, through globalized financial markets, trade and financial links. Under current, post-economic conditions, the process of globalization of the financial markets and the banking system in Poland is determined mainly by factors such as the administrative and supervisory functions of central banking and supervisory authorities in the financial system, as well as adaptation of legal norms to the standards of Western European high-developed countries [Zielińska-Głębocka, 2012, p. 159].

Economic globalization also usually involves other aspects of these globally progressing processes. In addition to the economic and financial determinants of globalization in banking systems, there are also social factors. These factors shape, among others, expectations of banks customers regarding the offer of financial services, which has become more and more dynamic due to technical and technological progress in the field of data transmission and use of the Internet for banking services and contact of customers with banks [Gwoździewicz, 2014, p. 74]. The special feature of the social determinants of globalization processes in banking systems is the unification and progressive increase in the standardization of analogous offers of banking products and financial services in different European countries as well as in other economically developed regions of the world [Prokopowicz, Dmowski, 2010, p. 193].

D. Prokopowicz, S. Gwoździewicz, The processes of capital consolidation and concentration as determinants of development of the banking system in Poland (in:) M. Oziębło (ed.) Management - new perspectives with the participation of e-technologies, "Entrepreneurship and management", tom XVIII, volume 10, part II, Publishing house Social Academy of Sciences, Łódź - Warsaw 2017, pp. 101-110. ISSN 2543-8190

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