I am looking for some bibliographic references that explain how tests or exams (measurement and assessment in education) came to Latin America, specifically written tests. I would like to know if they came through someone from the United States or from Europe (Spain, France, ...).
I have read that the oral test was the most widely used resource in United States, but this changed in 1845 when Horace Mann introduced the essay as a written test after visiting some European countries. This was complemented by the arrival of the experimental psychologist James Cattell at the University of Pennsylvania in 1889, where he developed tests to measure mental abilities.