The Greeks were historically passionate about learning. This was not boundaried by any region or locality. They wanted to know about everything under the sun .How did they develop this passion?
It is unlikely to be entirely coincidental that Greek scholarship flowered during the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, at a time when there were strong commercial and military ties between Egypt and the Aegean world – links which had been in place since at least the middle of the 7th century BCE. This intellectual exposure was recognised by the Greeks themselves who were open in their praise of the wisdom and scholarship of the ancient Egyptians – to whom they went in search of enlightenment.
Greeks learn?
There were two forms of education in ancient Greece: formal and informal. Formal education was attained through attendance to a public school or was provided by a hired tutor. Informal education was provided by an unpaid teacher and occurred in a non-public setting.
The final answer "why developped" would need a thorough study finally.
To share some adjustments on given answers:
1.
Of previous Egyptian culture is nothing known similar to the Greek scholar spirit, what is, why the former can not explan the latter.
2.
A list like democracy and mythology also holds valid for many other nearby cultures of same time, again not comparable to the Greek.
3.
Formal or informal learning, distinction by public schools, did not exist in the mentioned Greek time, "Golden Age", 500 B.C. C.f. publications by Arnoldo Momigliano. What existed had been groupings around philosophical teachers like Socrates and successors.
We learn by Platon, Menon-Dialogue, that such learner groups were considered to have political eminence and relevance, what only occurs in democracies. Actually and in comparison, the military regime Sparta, also Greek and neighbour of Athens, did not have such educational spirit.
Still to explain remains an investigative inclination alongside this spirit, what founded the base of todays geography.
Greek travelers, leaving reports of findings, were the first geographers and (maybe) prerunners of the overall spirit.
When geographer reports went into previous time developments of their foreign area observations, the approach developped to the additional branch historiography.
When historiographer Thukydides asked the question after the relevance of such observations (relato refero), it became the start of methodology, what essentially belongs to philosophy.
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