How did mechanization of agriculture help industrial revolution and does mechanization reduce the drudgery of labour?
Mechanization was one of the large factors responsible for urbanization and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanization encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce. Mechanization such as the use of mechanical planters and combine harvesters may not greatly affect crop growth, development, and yield, but it can often affect the gross margin of the farmers while reducing labour requirement, and reducing drudgery, especially for women and children.
Farmers in Bangladesh commonly transplant wash root rice seedlings by hand manually or mechanically. Manually transplanting required more manual labor and time than mechanical transplantation. Manjunatha et al. (2009) found that the mechanical transplanter performed satisfactorily, requiring just three-man days per hectare compared to 33-man days per hectare for manual transplanting. Dixit et al. 2007 found that paddy transplanting by hand took around 238-manh per hectare. Moreover, farmers do not consider hill to hill distance and maintain the plant population properly in manual. Mechanical transplanting has the advantages of ensuring timely transplantation, saving time and labor, minimizing costs, uniform spacing of plants and optimum plant density with 2 - 3 seedling per hill and less movement shock of seedlings, early seedling vigor, and uniform crop stand (Islam et al 2018). Transplant infant seedlings by mechanical rice transplanter produced 9% - 14% more yield than traditional manual transplanting in BRRI dhan28 during Boro season (Islam et al 2016). Considering the above facts, policymakers are being forced to make a paradigm shift toward increased use of mechanical operations in rice farming.
The level of mechanization has a significant positive impact on the cost, output value, income and return rate of all types of crops. For every 1% increase in the level of mechanization, the yields of all crops, grain crops and cash crops increase by 1.2151, 1.5941 and 0.4351%, respectively. Mechanization of agriculture is an essential input in modern agriculture. It enhances productivity, besides reducing human drudgery and cost of cultivation. While changing the agricultural landscape, mechanized farming, which relies on machinery to increase productivity and output, has economic, safety, and environmental disadvantages. The costs of agricultural machines have increased. Such machines have become more advanced and, thus, costlier. Mechanization also helps in animal husbandry, dairying, and fisheries. Farm mechanization not only provides optimal utilization of resources e.g., land, labor, and water but helps farmers to save valuable time and also reduces drudgery. By utilizing mechanical power in agriculture leads to reduce animal power so that raring of animals is not required and utilization of fodder area can be used to grow crops for producing food for human consumption. Mechanization was one of the large factors responsible for urbanization and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanization encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce. By reducing labor costs, such machines not only reduced manufacturing costs but lowered prices manufacturers charged consumers. In short, machine production created a growing abundance of products at cheaper prices. Mechanization also had less desirable effects. For one, machines changed the way people worked.
Mechanization can reduce the drudgery of labor by making farming less labor-intensive, allowing farmers to complete tasks faster and with less physical effort. This can help improve the quality of life for farmers and their families, allowing them to focus on other productive activities or leisure time. Additionally, mechanization can help increase food production, which can help alleviate poverty and improve food security for rural communities.
But many of the farmers in Nepal cannot afford the technology and equipment and still agriculture are human labor intensive. Another very reason is difficult topography, there are so many cultivable lands over the hilly region where its almost impossible to implement modernization. Farmers of such reasons are compelled to adopt the traditional methods of cultivation till date, where farmer in plain are enjoying the benefits of modernization with ease.
By reducing labor costs, such machines not only reduced manufacturing costs but lowered prices manufacturers charged consumers. In short, machine production created a growing abundance of products at cheaper prices. Mechanization also had less desirable effects. For one, machines changed the way people worked. During the Second Agricultural Revolution, humans industrialized farming to produce greater crop yields with fewer workers. This allowed larger cities to form and paved the way for the First Industrial Revolution. Mechanization was one of the large factors responsible for urbanization and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanization encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce. The level of mechanization has a significant positive impact on the cost, output value, and income and return rate of all types of crops. For every 1% increase in the level of mechanization, the yields of all crops, grain crops and cash crops increase by 1.2151, 1.5941 and 0.4351%, respectively. Farm mechanization increases on-farm human labour marginally, whereas the increase in off- farm labour such as industrial production of tractors and ancillaries was much more and farm mechanization displaced animal power to the extent of 50 to 100% but resulted in lesser time for farm work. Mechanization of agriculture is an essential input in modern agriculture. It enhances productivity, besides reducing human drudgery and cost of cultivation. Mechanization also helps in animal husbandry, dairying, and fisheries. Farm mechanization not only provides optimal utilization of resources e.g., land, labor, and water but helps farmers to save valuable time and also reduces drudgery.
The mechanization of agriculture played a significant role in the Industrial Revolution by increasing agricultural productivity and freeing up labor for industrial work. Prior to the widespread use of machines, agriculture was a labor-intensive process, requiring large numbers of people to work the fields by hand. With the advent of agricultural machinery, such as the plow, reaper, and thresher, farmers could produce more food with fewer workers. This led to a surplus of labor that could be employed in other industries, such as manufacturing. In addition to increasing productivity, mechanization also reduced the drudgery of labor. Before machines were introduced, farm labor was physically demanding, often involving long hours of backbreaking work. With the use of machines, much of the hard labor was replaced by mechanized processes, making farming less physically taxing. However, it is important to note that while mechanization did reduce the drudgery of labor in some respects, it also created new challenges. For example, the use of machinery required a new set of skills and knowledge that not all farmers possessed. Additionally, the shift to mechanization had significant social and economic consequences, as it displaced many farm laborers and led to the consolidation of farms into larger, more industrialized operations.
Farm mechanization and crop productivity have a direct correlation as farm mechanization saves time and labor, reduces drudgery, cut down production costs in the long run, reduces post harvest losses, and boosts crop output and farm income. Fossil fuels began to be used, which led to increased pollution, the construction of factories led to the loss of habitat for many wild animals. The development of agriculture has led to the emergence of new plant varieties, domestication of animals and disturbance of soil composition. Mechanization was one of the large factors responsible for urbanization and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanization encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce. During the Second Agricultural Revolution, humans industrialized farming to produce greater crop yields with fewer workers. This allowed larger cities to form and paved the way for the First Industrial Revolution. By reducing labor costs, such machines not only reduced manufacturing costs but lowered prices manufacturers charged consumers. In short, machine production created a growing abundance of products at cheaper prices. Mechanization also had less desirable effects. For one, machines changed the way people worked. The revolution in industrial mechanization that began in the mid-1700's progressed at an astounding pace throughout the 19th century, spurred in part by technological improvements in machining tools, steam engines, and iron forging. Mechanization of agriculture is an essential input in modern agriculture. It enhances productivity, besides reducing human drudgery and cost of cultivation. For every 1% increase in the level of mechanization, the yields of all crops, grain crops and cash crops increase by 1.2151, 1.5941 and 0.4351%, respectively. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the level of mechanization has a certain threshold effect on income, with a greater effect occurring after the threshold. By reducing labor costs, such machines not only reduced manufacturing costs but lowered prices manufacturers charged consumers. In short, machine production created a growing abundance of products at cheaper prices. Mechanization also had less desirable effects. For one, machines changed the way people worked.
The mechanization of agriculture played a significant role in the industrial revolution, as it allowed for increased productivity and efficiency in agriculture, freeing up labour for other industries. Mechanization also led to new machinery and equipment development, which created opportunities for innovation and economic growth.
Mechanization can reduce the drudgery of labour by reducing the physical demands of certain tasks, such as ploughing, sowing, and harvesting. This can lead to increased efficiency and productivity and improved working conditions for farmers and agricultural workers. However, it is important to note that the impact of mechanization on labour varies depending on the specific context and the type of technology being used. In some cases, mechanization can lead to job displacement and other social and economic challenges.
https://timesagriculture.com/industrial-revolution-and-its-impact-on-agriculture/
Mechanization also helps in animal husbandry, dairying, and fisheries. Farm mechanization not only provides optimal utilization of resources as land, labor, and water but helps farmers to save valuable time and also reduces drudgery. Mechanization such as the use of mechanical planters and combine harvesters may not greatly affect crop growth, development, and yield, but it can often affect the gross margin of the farmers while reducing labour requirement, and reducing drudgery, especially for women and children. Mechanization was one of the large factors responsible for urbanization and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanization encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce. For every 1% increase in the level of mechanization, the yields of all crops, grain crops and cash crops increase by 1.2151, 1.5941 and 0.4351%, respectively. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the level of mechanization has a certain threshold effect on income, with a greater effect occurring after the threshold. Mechanization enhances productivity, besides reducing human drudgery and cost of cultivation. Mechanization also helps in improving utilization efficiency of other inputs, safety and comfort of the agricultural worker, improvements in the quality and value addition of the produce. By reducing labor costs, such machines not only reduced manufacturing costs but lowered prices manufacturers charged consumers. In short, machine production created a growing abundance of products at cheaper prices. Mechanization also had less desirable effects. For one, machines changed the way people worked. The available evidences suggest that mechanization has helped in overall employment of human labour. A study concluded that mechanization generated more demand for labour by facilitating more intensive cultivation. Thus, there was hardly any net displacement of human labour after mechanization. The introduction of machines and tools created a significant demand for unskilled labor. Machines either pushed craftsmen out of the labor market completely, or encouraged employers to decrease their workers' wages. Machinery during the Industrial Revolution such as the spinning wheel to produce textiles, the water wheel used to power machinery and the steam engine were invented. These inventions aided in speeding up the production of manufactured items.
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