You need to analyze the amount of substances after the reaction. If their new number has not changed, then the reaction is completed.

Best regards.

Hi,

You have to check many different parameters in the first phase to confirm whether the reaction is complete or not.

1) You should look for the color change in the reaction. If you can find the color of the starting material still in the reaction mixture then it simply means it have some of the reactant unreacted.

2) If your product has some specific chromophore which can be checked via FTIR then just take the IR for your product and look around for the peaks of reactant molecule too. If you find the peak from reactant then its there.

3) As Prof. Yuri mentioned, analyze the amount of substances after the reaction.

4) If your product is solid and you believe it would precipitate from the reaction mixture during the course of the reaction then it is very easy for you to separate the product and do all the above things.

Thanks

thank you sir

Dear Muppidathi.

Hi,

As you have mentioned in your question that you have done an inorganic synthesis so i am suggesting the following steps to check the completeness of reaction:

1. if the product formed is known or already reported then you can compare the properties like melting point , color, FTIR etc of your product with that of the reported literature.

2. If you are attempting a reaction for the first time for a unreported compound then you can compare the above mentioned properties of your reaction product with that of the reactants any difference will indicate the formation of product.

regarding to check the completeness of reaction as a synthetic chemist i would suggest to do comparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the reaction mixture with the reactants. place a spot for each reactant used and the reaction mixture on a TLC slide and check the spots:

1. if a single spot at different Rf or color is seen in the  TLC then reaction is absolutely complete.

2. If a different spot along with the spots of the reactants is also seen in the reaction mixture then reaction is not complete and in that case you can modulate the procedure like increase reaction temperature, reflux for more time or use a catalyst etc.

3.If only reactant spots are seen in the reaction mixture and no different spot is observed then the reaction might have not occurred.

if you want any specific information for your project or how to optimize TLC etc, let me know.

all the best with your project, happy news soon. 

thank you sir, if i am using silicon compound  i can check TLC

Thin layer Chromatography is the easiest method to check the completion of reaction............