@ Sudip Saha

Please take a look at the following RG links and PDF attachments.

Article Water quality analysis of Bhadravathi taluk using GIS – a case study

Article GIS based Water Quality Index Method for Groundwater Quality...

Article Assessing Ground Water Quality using GIS

Thanks!

Dear Sir,

What you need to look for is all the Water Quality data that you need to represent using GIS. After data collection, the required GIS analysis processes should be undertaken. The outcomes are represented by geographical maps shows quality parameters distributed in zones throughout the processed maps.

Kind regards,

Dr-Eng. Noor Al-Kharabsheh

As said by Noor M. Al-Kharabsheh you first need to perform the data collections (and then think about analysis to undertake....). for this purpose, for Sea Water parameters there is a remote sensing data available directly from Quantum GIS.

Using the Plugin "Oceancolor Data downloader".

Or directly get to the repository:

https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/overview/

Bests

Please make use of research published by Masocha et al Article Remote sensing of surface water quality in relation to catch...

Dear Saha,

GIS is an important technique to determine spatial and temporal variation of ground and surface water quality. When you studying river basin management studies, You can overlay aquifer maps, contours maps, land use maps, population, agriculture or any other related parameters with each of the water quality parameters and interpret your results and predictions.

For surface water quality, you can use interpolation techniques for only the part of river you studied or use symbology technique for sampling locations.

Hope following paper will help you for getting information,

Article Mapping Spatial Distribution Of Water Quality Parameters Usi...

GIS is a powerful tool that can be used to present your data spatially. Please, have a look on the attached map.

Best Regards

Thanks for already added answers.

Following

GIS is a mapping software. Basically you need the water quality data to start with. Using the GIS soft ware and making use of the water quality data, spatial and temporal variation of water quality parameters, through interpolation technique, can be prepared. Thereafter using other spatial maps such as geology, aquifer parameters, land-use, point and non-point pollution sources, etc., one can interpret the source and reasons for water quality.

You can try with hyperspectral data.

Sudip Saha

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiqgqOWuozhAhUtxaYKHfCjC6QQFjAFegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.569.2718%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&usg=AOvVaw06jjnXymzZUYIgd4TIEk_G

you can use Spatial Analyze extension interpolation module.

Dear,

it is clear that you can use remote sensing data, but an useful method for estimating water quality value can be exergy analysis. as last researches, you can calculate the quality of water by considering two options: 1- the BOD,COD and .. analysis by using remote sensing data.

2- using exergy analysis for analyzing these data.

I think you need to identify water quality parameters, prepare thematic maps for each parameters, and finally use spatial analyst tools to get final map for the most/least vulnerable sites.

Hi Sudip Saha

View some examples:

Article VULNERABILIDADE DO AQUÍFERO SERRA GERAL À CONTAMINAÇÃO NO MU...

Article Variação espacial das concentrações de cádmio e manganês em ...

Article Hydrogeochemical modeling of fluoride contents in groundwate...

Article Hydrochemical Investigation of Fluoride High Contents in Gro...

Article Aquifer Vulnerability in the Proximity of the Municipal Ceme...

Article Diagnosis of High Fluoride Contents in Groundwater of Rio Gr...

Article Vulnerabilidade do aquífero à contaminação no município de S...

Article Variação espacial das concentrações de cádmio e manganês em ...

Article Variação espacial da qualidade da água subterrânea em área o...

Regards!

Water samples have to be analysing then the values enter in to excel file GPS location then open arcgis and import this file then do georeference. Then u can generate water quality analysis using inerpolaton tool(this tool used to find out the unknown sample site water quality parameters value from known samples

Using GIS, a broad idea of water quality can be ascertained but for specific parameters particularly metals etc, it is very difficult to predict in water system.