We have dynamic gait stability for locomotion in gait that is quantified in some ways such as dynamical system theory and inverse pendulum. I am asking to know how we can quantify "equilibrium,balance,postural stability without locomotion"(without moving).
And then how about the above terms in some difficult balance motions like the ones are done in ballet dancing?
You can quatify postural balance with a force platform wich is a gold standard for this measurement, and the best postural paramenter is mean velocity. Some research have stated that mean velocity is the most realiability parameter for assess postural balance. Furthermore, mean velocity in antero-posterior plane, you can assess ankle strategy and latero-lateral plane of movement, you assess hip strategy.
If you are in sports and want to assess balance quick and sort of subjective way use balance error score system (BESS). You can get the instruction from http://www.sportsconcussion.com/pdf/management/BESSProtocolNATA09.pdf . Here you measure both with perturbation and without perturbation. Additionally, you can use the same setup on the force platform to get more quantitative data. Also if you are in neurology and want to test how vision and proprioception affect the balance then neurocom or similar equipment can be used.
To expand on the above responses, if you consider instability to be the potential for an involuntary loss of balance, and a loss of balance to be an involuntary displacement of the center of mass beyond the base of support, then I might recommend virtual time to contact measures. These measures are continuous measures that calculate the time at which the CoM would reach the boundary of the BoS by evaluating the trajectory, velocity, and sometimes the acceleration of the CoM or CoP relative to the distance of the CoM or CoP to the boundary of the BoS along that trajectory. It has been used to evaluate balance in neurologic, musculoskeletal, and aging populations.
I'd recommend Wheat et al., Gait & Posture, 2012 not only because it evaluates the reliability of the TTC measures, but also because it references important articles that have defined different methods of calculation.
As a clinician I like the force-plate suggestion. You may also like to look up the Vicon gait analysis system.
You can always use the help of a stabilometer specially if you whould like to have some kind of movement. You can measure single leg balance even during some movements.
Besides, quantify static balance, you can perform in one leg stance, that reflects the major every day motor tasks such as stair climbing, change clothes, etc..
You can quantify the stability by number of " Falls" with different degrees of the Base of Support and change of the Center of Mass and with interruption of the perceptual feedback from Visual, Vetibular, kinesthetic systems.......
A balance master device can be used to study limits of stability, COM, COP etc..
Put the subjects on a posturographic table and just represent the recorded data in the status space [x(n+1) against x(n), where x are the posture samples taken by the platform]. The data can be "represented " by an ellipse which contain all data and the major and minor ellipse axes will quantifythe subject postural stability. Many Matlab programs are available on-line for evaluating (and drawing) the ellipse and the two ellipse axes. Some students of mines wrote a program for ellipse evaluation and applied the technique to tacogram data (ECG rythm) during Tilt-Test. If you want I can send you a copy of their (still unpublished, but soon available on the literature) work.If you want, you can send me an E-mail at the address you can find with your browser just typing my name and surname.
I think that all the answers so far are good candidates, we employ a motion capture software/ magnetic tracking system to record motion - we have recently been looking at non-linear/fractal measures as a means to describe the nature of postural motion as well as its extent. The main issue is picking the appropriate level of description and remembering to also factor in the task itself as stability can only be defined relative to the task - there is no magic universal number that indicates stability. We have found that looking a changes in sway parameters over time seems to provide a good index of stability (i.e., whatever measure you are using, track it over time and assess the changes in those measures, rather than obtaining a single number to represent the entire trial).
Można to zrobić narzędziem o nazwie Posturometr
Aktualnie stosowany jest do badań w laboratorium fizjologicznym na AWF we Wrocłaiu
Static posturography, by evaluating the vestibular, somesthetic and visual afferents, analyzing the CoM and CoP oscillations. FFT analysis in the frequency band, 3 zones, in the antero-posterior and mid-lateral planes, eyes open and eyes closed
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