I'd like to establish the link between the usage of monolingual and bilingual (physical, virtual, online) dictionnaries with (literal, inferential, critical) reading comprehension of French as a foreign language. How can I support this hypothesis?
In my view, reading comprehension results from reading a lot. The more you read, the better your comprehension will be. But reading comprehension is also the result of understanding the vocabulary and in some languages sometimes understanding the grammar is also important.
We learn vocabulary best by reading something that has mostly familiar words, but a few unfamiliar words. We understand the unfamiliar words either from the context or by looking the word up. The exact same process happens in learning new words in oral conversation - either we ask the meaning of a word or we understand it from the context.
This is how children learn their native language - a few new words mixed with familiar words. I think it is how foreign language learning works, also. So dictionary use is important to the process of understanding the words and thus understanding the meaning, i.e. reading comprehension.
This is simply about learning a second language by way of 'whole word' approach. Simply put learn the meaning of as many words as possible and use the words and their meanings to read comprehension. A dictionary would be the best option as it shows the pronunciation as well as the meaning. The more you use the dictionary the more will perfect reading of comprehensions in that language of choice.
Discuss the passage before you read it, given a topic or headline. Get students to predict what the passage will be about, what topics and words it might contain. Read the passage What is its text-type - instructional, descriptive, etc? Give some multiple choice definitions of difficult words. Note their grammatical category. Only then go to the dictionary to check.
Dictionaries are very helpful in reading and writing. In reading comprehension activities related to foreign language learning it will definitely be useful. Since the question is developing not only literal but inferential and critical comprehension, I would suggest the use of dictionaries which provide etymology of words with examples.
I would say that reading comprehension and the use of dictionaries are indirectly related. Generally speaking, students who take an active approach to learning new vocabulary and trying to grasp the meaning will probably have a tendency to use reference books or dictionaries. Maybe you can test their habits and tendencies when it comes to their learning style (with some questionnaire) and then compare the results with their level of attainment in reading comprehension test.
I did some work on reading skills before I retired, looking, in particular about why some students were reluctant to pick up a dictionary. Our findings became embodied as part of work on 'prerequisite skills'. I'll attach some files that may be of interest
First of all, you need clear hypotheses about the relationship between dictionaries (or do you mean use of dictionaries?) and reading comprehension. For example, the use of dictionaries while reading leads to higher scores on a reading comprehension test. I'm sure you can think of more detailed ones.
When reading in any language, including my native English, I look up words I don't know in a dictionary if I have time. I have found that the meanings are often quite different from what I had assumed by guessing from the context. Perhaps I have an ingrained liking for doing research but I think it is important to learn not to rely on just context.
The meaning of words sometimes are contextual. Contextual in the the sense that what a word mean in a comprehension passage may be quite different from a mere sentence so since dictionary serves as a reference book that gives the meaning , etymology of words etc, the use of dictionary is very essential in reading comprehension.Dictionaries explain words better than you assumed.
These skills are sometimes known as passive skills. The productive skills are speaking and writing because learners are applying these skills in a need to produce language. They are also known as active skills. Listening is a receptive language skill which learners usually find the most difficult.
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