Verifying the biodegradability of polymers is exactly like simple molecules. It is necessary to prepare profit condition for growing microorganism in such a way that the polymer is considered as an only carbon source for microorganism. The change in color and the appearance (for example, creation of crack or craze on polymer sample) of the polymer sample is the first sign of degradation. Due to high molecular weight of polymers and their long molecular chains, the period of bio-degradation is longer than simple molecules.
There are different type of analysis that can be done for confirming the bio-degradation:
1.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Analysis) (compare the peak of functional group in degraded sample and the blank sample)
2.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (compare the Tg, Tm, Cp, ΔH and the percentage of crystallinity of degraded sample and the blank sample)
3.Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (compare the molecular weight and viscosity of degraded sample and the blank sample)
4.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM analysis) (distinguish the craze or crack in degraded sample)
It is necessary to mention that the best parameter that shows the biodegradability of polymers is changing in molecular weight. GPC analysis is the best way to confirm if the molecular weight of polymer samples changes during degradation or not.