What is the best method to check the releasing of Antimicrobial drugs from a nanocapsule and encapsulated efficiency of capsule for that Antimicrobial agent?
Dear Ali Raza,
It depends on the purification technology that you have but here are some of the most common methods:
- Ultracentrifugation: It consists of centrifuging the nanoformulation at a speed that causes the nanocapsules to sediment. By HPLC analysis of the supernatant you will be able to know the percentage of non-encapsulated analyte (NE%), and the difference with respect to 100% would be the encapsulation efficiency (EE%). 100% = EE% + NE%.The equipment needed in this case is an ultracentrifuge.
- Ultrafiltration: It consists of passing the nanoformulation through a filter with a cut-off of about 1/3 the molecular weight of your nanoparticles. This way the nanoparticles will not pass through the filter and the unencapsulated analyte will. By analysing the filtrate by HPLC in the same way as above you will be able to know the %NE and consequently %EE as well. To use this technique you would need a swing-rotor centrifuge and ultrafiltration tubes (e.g. Amicon).
- Diafiltration is a dilution process involving the removal or separation of components (permeable molecules such as salts, small proteins, solvents, etc.) from a solution according to their molecular size by the use of permeable micromolecule filters to obtain a pure solution.
I attach a paper where you can find both release and encapsulation efficiencies protocols for nanoformulations:
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/8/1322
Encapsulation efficiency is calculated with drug used at start and drug in supernatant after loading. The difference of which gives drug loading. Loading capacity is equivalent to ratio of drug loaded to total dry weight of nanoparticles.
Drug release can be monitored via dialysis
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