according to one article from centers for Disease Control and Prevention, other countries are using the Core Elements to guide antibiotic stewardship efforts in hospital setting. these elements are used as a guide in hospitals to protect patients from antibiotics used in diagnosing a disease and helps clinicians improve clinical outcomes and minimizing harms by improving antibiotic prescription.

Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship include;

1. hospital leadership commitment - dedicate reliable resources such as; human, financial, and information technology

2. accountability - appoint a certain leader that will guide and in managing the program

3. pharmacy expertise - appoint a pharmacist that can lead implementation efforts to improve antibiotic use.

4. action - implement programs that can help identify how to improve antibiotic use

5. tracking - monitor and manage outcomes and result from the test

6. reporting - report in a daily basis for updates for information needed of nurses, prescribers, and pharmacist

7. education - educate other member that has a role in the process in the proper usage of antibiotics.

By implementing antimicrobial solid stewardship practices, encouraging appropriate antibiotic use, facilitating data collection and analysis, encouraging collaboration between clinical teams and microbiology laboratories, and advocating for the inclusion of cumulative antibiogram data in clinical decision-making, professionals can guide and support antibiotic stewardship programs. According to Bankar et al. (2022), healthcare facilities are encouraged to establish a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship policy based on evidence-based guidelines and accessible to all stakeholders. Effective implementation requires regular updates and clear communication both verbally and through visual aids such as posters. Staff should receive training to ensure appropriate use of antibiotics and reporting of misuse. Essential steps in antimicrobial stewardship include patient screening and education, ongoing surveillance, policy review, prohibition of high-risk medications, better hand hygiene, careful monitoring of medications, use of computerized alert systems and medication records, staff training programs, and establishment of health controls. These approaches are necessary to promote rational antibiotic use, reduce resistance, and improve patient outcomes.

Reference:

Bankar, N. J. Ugemuge, S. Ambad, R. S. Hawale, D. V. Timilsina, D. R. (2022, July 8). Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Healthcare Setting. Article Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Healthcare Setting

The Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Program released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2019 can serve as a framework for managing antibiotic prescriptions in an institution. This will provide a structure in antibiotic usage, potentially reducing antibiotic resistance progression. Delegating persons in charge of monitoring antibiotic usage and trends; continuous expansion of knowledge; and active cooperation may aid in enhancing the cumulative data of antibiograms which may later on slow down the progression of antibiotic resistance. The dedication of an institution and its tactics to take action is critical to guaranteeing the program's efficacy.

Attached herewith is the file of the aforementioned publication provided by the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.