In water decontamination techniques using low cost agricultural waste absorbent, the problem of contamination remains existent since there is possibility of generation of waste products after the adsorption studies. These may also get accumulated in high concentration and could cause some problems by releasing the toxic molecules to the environment. How it can be prevented ?
algae are the natural cleaners of water bodies
so we can culture algae in controlled environment with less contaminated water because bio accumulation is other problem we are facing
Using biopiles is a suggestion. Either aerated or natural flow can be used. Mixing up the waste with soil or dried leaves or lawns from municipalities or any other agricultural wastes can be used to expedite the regeneration.
The regerated adsorbent using biopile can be used as soil fertilizer in gardening provided that concentration of hazards mitigates to allowable levels.
Most of the bio-adsorbent or agricultural waste adsorbent are not reversible. Then the another waste is always is pile up. Some algae are using but this is time consuming. To avoid the secondary waste generation, highly reversible adsorbent are preferable like ligand based functional composite material.
Sir Md. Rabiul Awual and Abdollah Golchoobi
Thank you for your valuable information. Can you elaborate this concept and attach some references. It will be of great help.
Paawan Kaur
Several functional adsorbents, Organic-inorganic composite and hybrid adsorbents are preferred based on the selectivity, sensitivity and reuses facility in several cycles use both in column-mode and batch-mode operations. Few examples are as follows (our group articles):
1) M.R. Awual, S. Urata, A. Jyo, M. Tamada, A. Katakai, Arsenate removal from water by a weak-base anion exchange fibrous adsorbent, Water Research, 42 (2008) 689–696.
2) M.R. Awual, T. Kobayashi, H. Shiwaku, Y. Miyazaki, R. Motokawa, S. Suzuki, Y. Okamoto, T. Yaita, Evaluation of lanthanide sorption and their coordination mechanism by EXAFS measurement using novel hybrid adsorbent, Chemical Engineering Journal, 225 (2013) 558–566.
3) M.R. Awual, I.M.M. Rahman, T. Yaita, M.A. Khaleque, M. Ferdows, pH dependent Cu(II) and Pd(II) ions detection and removal from aqueous media by an efficient mesoporous adsorbent, Chemical Engineering Journal, 236 (2014) 100–109.
There are several examples you may find from the link of
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sypgL-YAAAAJ&hl=en
The link below gives the basic principles of biopile preparation:
https://clu-in.org/download/techfocus/bio/Biopile-design-and-construction-1996-tm-2189.pdf
And here is a review article of natural carrier in bio-remediation:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345816300732
The most recommended media for preparation of biopile is the material having most similar the adsorbent preferably raw adsorbent or using augmented bacterial phase for the media.
Here is another useful study directly using biopile for adsorbent regeneration:
Article Microbial regeneration of spent activated carbon dispersed w...