National and regional policy frameworks can be aligned and restructured to support large-scale adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) by integrating sustainability, innovation and inclusivity across multiple levels. First, policies must mainstream CSA into national agricultural strategies and climate action plans, ensuring alignment with global commitments like the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Regional coordination should focus on harmonizing climate-resilient practices, cross-border research and shared agro-climatic data systems. Governments should incentivize CSA through subsidies for climate-resilient seeds, low-emission technologies and water-efficient irrigation, while phasing out support for environmentally harmful practices. Additionally, restructuring must involve capacity-building programs, climate-smart extension services and public-private partnerships to scale innovation. Legal frameworks should secure land rights, especially for smallholders, women and indigenous communities, encouraging long-term investment in sustainable practices. Monitoring systems using remote sensing and AI can be integrated into policy for evidence-based planning. Overall, a cohesive, multi-level approach that blends financial, technological and institutional reforms is essential to make CSA the backbone of future food systems.

To support the large-scale adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), national and regional policy frameworks need to be aligned through integrated planning, coordination and resource sharing. Policies should prioritize funding for climate resilient technologies, promote farmer education on CSA practices and offer incentives like carbon credits and crop insurance. Decentralized governance can empower local bodies to implement region-specific strategies while national policies ensure coherence and long term vision. Strengthening public-private partnerships, integrating indigenous knowledge and streamlining subsidies toward sustainable inputs can further accelerate CSA adoption. Overall, a unified, inclusive and adaptive policy approach is essential to mainstream climate smart agriculture effectively.

Aligning and restructuring national and regional policy frameworks to support the large-scale adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) requires a cohesive, multi-sectoral approach that integrates agricultural development with climate adaptation and mitigation objectives. At the national level, CSA should be mainstreamed into core development strategies such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), and sectoral policies related to agriculture, water, energy, and forestry. These frameworks must be horizontally coordinated across ministries and vertically aligned with state and local governance systems to ensure coherence and effective implementation. Regional and local bodies should be empowered with decision-making authority and resources to tailor CSA interventions to agro-ecological contexts, drawing on bottom-up feedback mechanisms. Financial incentives, such as climate-resilient subsidies, crop insurance tied to CSA compliance, and carbon markets, can catalyze farmer adoption. Simultaneously, reforming agricultural extension services to deliver CSA-focused training and advisory support—especially through ICT tools—will build grassroots capacity. Inter-ministerial coordination mechanisms and CSA-dedicated task forces can facilitate policy integration and institutional collaboration. Monitoring and evaluation systems based on CSA indicators should guide adaptive management, ensuring responsiveness to environmental and socio-economic shifts. A supportive policy environment must also invest in research, infrastructure, and inclusive governance that addresses the specific needs of smallholders, women, and marginalized groups. Ultimately, policy realignment for CSA demands strong political will, participatory planning, and sustained investment to enable climate-resilient agricultural transformation.

National and regional policy frameworks can be aligned and restructured to support large-scale adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) by integrating CSA principles into agricultural, environmental and rural development policies. This involves setting clear goals for climate resilience, productivity, and emissions reduction, encouraging cross-sector collaboration and ensuring policies offer financial incentives, technical support and access to climate-smart technologies for farmers. Strengthening research, education and extension services, while promoting inclusive participation of farmers, especially smallholders and marginalized groups, ensures that policies are practical and widely accepted. Regular monitoring, flexible adaptation of policies based on local needs, and linking national goals with international climate commitments further enhance large-scale CSA adoption.