In most cases, involuntary resettlement is triggered by land acquisition through eminent domain or other powers of the state. In such instances, people lose the possession of materials and non-materials assets.
This non-material loss most times take the form of loss of goodwill, loss of income and loss of source of livelihood caused by injurious affection as a result of the displacement. Valuation is usually done on before and after basis to determine the amount of compensation payable to the affected persons.