Dear All Prof, lecturer, and researcher. I am Ali Rahmat, Master student of Gifu University. I am in confuse condition, I get home work from my supervisor to separate direct runoff and baseflow but I only have total runoff (water discharge). I try to approach used electric conductivity and water temperature data but still can not prediction when direct runoff stop.
Did any equation to prediction direct runoff and baseflow? or another technic to separate?
Thank you very much
Hello Ali,
A first estimate can be done graphically. The direct runoff normally stopped at break of slope of the recession curve. After this turning point, another slope of recession (or depletion) indicates just the baseflow. Could you show the discharge data to see the hydrograph?
You can refer a Book by K Subramanya; Engineering Hydrology for graphical method to separate total discharge into direct and base flow. There are three methods of base flow separation (page 202; third edition).
Prezado,
O fluxo de base é contribuição exclusiva nos períodos de estiagens (ausência de chuvas). O seu estudo e avaliação do comportamente constituem elementos diferenciais para separa-los dos periodos de chuvas.
Cordialmente,
Ricardo Valcarcel
It's important to recognise that there isn't really a way to do it with 100% accuracy, all involve some assumptions and so whichever approach you use you will need to justify why you chose it. As this is for a piece of homework, rather than a research paper I would say it is enough to pick one and reference the source in your assignment. Basically what I am trying to say is I wouldn't worry too much about trying to chase down the perfect method, just pick one and understand the theory behind the method you use and by extension the limitations.
(Personally for an assignment I would go with a simple graphical method as Rijan and Mohamed suggest above)
Start with http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/hwrp/publications/low-flow_estimation_prediction/WMO%201029%20en.pdf WMO Low Flow Manual, section 5.2
Ali, Please have a look at this paper. Please go to the baseflow section. Best,
Article Groundwater resources assessment of the Koyna River Basin, India
Hello Amir Rahmat….There are many ways to separate the runoff of the base flow Including hydrograph analysis, using various models and ... But perhaps the most reliable method use of tracer, that can be separated based flow of the runoff.
In Addition to what Haw Yen's comment you may use the following links for baseflow separation techniques. Moreover, read Arnold et al 1995, for automated baseflow separation techniques, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00046.x/abstract;jsessionid=76F58C84005710230014B2857308557B.f04t03
https://engineering.purdue.edu/~what/
http://www.envsys.co.kr/~swatbflow/USGS_GOOGLE/enter_my_own_flow_data.cgi
Please look at this youtube clip. It's about techniques for separating baseflow from storm flow to understand how watersheds and streams respond to precipitation :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hn7kkx8D1ug
The "lfstat" package on R looks quite good too, and provides scientific references. But the WHAT website is probably the easiest.
Edit: I have tried lfstat now, and it was quite easy. I think it gives a better answer than WHAT. It uses the World Met Organisation baseflow sep method.
```
library(lfstat)
library(lubridate)
data
The ground water is linited and acts as survival of our life. We have to preoare ourslves well before the crisis by generating the tschemes for water augmentation including rainwater harvesting and adopting suitable techniques to minimise future crisis due to climate chane on water and food production.
There is a free software from Texas A & M University, USDA, and other universities. They developed the SWAT model. The software is called Baseflow Filter Program. It is coded in Fortran and easy to use. I would recommend that in case it is still needed. Here is the link: swat.tamu.edu/software/baseflow-filter-program/
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