I have modified the -NH2 groups of chitosan. After the modification, I want to compare the number of -NH2 groups of Modified-Chitosan and Chitosan. Which method or methods can give me the best results?
Dear Mahdi,
You can use a simple colorimetric method for the evaluation of chitosan and modified chitosan using the acid dye bromocresol purple. For more details on this method, please use the following link:
https://encrypted.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjf2-_lzdDMAhUImBoKHbGMAFQQIAg0MAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebcache.googleusercontent.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcache%3Aop073U_Oj2EJ%3Afile.scirp.org%2Fpdf%2FAJAC20100200008_95208030.pdf%2B%26cd%3D4%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk&usg=AFQjCNH-Kkjq1MTuSLepbPlVjTIsiYpxTw&sig2=HBxLc5fsC9Mg1Qw5XDziHw
Other methods which are generally used in the characterization and quantification of chitosan are:
Elemental analysis (Davies & Hayes, 1988; dos Santos et al., 2009);
• Titration (Arcidiacono & Kaplan, 1992; Balázs & Sipos, 2007; de Alvarenga et al., 2010;
Hattori et al., 1999; Park et al., 1983; Raymond et al., 1993; Tôei & Kohara, 1976; Zhanga
et al., 2011);
• Hydrolytic methods (Davies & Hayes, 1988; Nanjo et al., 1991; Niola et al., 1993; Sato et
al., 1998; Zamani et al., 2008);
• HPLC - Ultraviolet (Aiba, 1986; Muzzarelli & Rocchetti, 1985);
• Infrared (Baxter et al., 1992; Duarte et al., 2002; Kasaai, 2008; Miya et al., 1980; Moore &
Roberts, 1980; Sannan et al., 1978);
• 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (Brugnerotto et al., 2001; de Alvarenga et al., 2010;
Fernandez-Megia et al., 2005; Lavertu et al., 2003; Varum et al., 1991);
• CP-MAS 13C NMR (Heux et al., 2000; Manni et al., 2010; Raymond et al., 1993);
• CP-MAS 15N NMR (Kasaai, 2009; Yu et al., 1999);
• Many other methods are described in the literature but with a somewhat smaller
appeal. Some of these methods are: steric exclusion chromatography (Brugnerotto et al.,
2001), nitrous acid deamination (Sashiwa et al., 1991), thermal analysis (Garcia Alonso
et al., 1983), gas chromatography with columns packed with chitin and chitosan
(Muzzarelli et al., 1980), etc.
For more on the use of these methods, please use the following link:
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/16199/InTech-Characterization_and_properties_of_chitosan.pdf
Hoping this will be helpful,
Rafik
Dear Mahdi
Find in attach, a review on: Biomedical Activity of Chitin/Chitosan Based Materials—
Influence of Physicochemical Properties Apart from Molecular
Weight and Degree of N-Acetylation Jolanta Kumirska 1,*, Mirko X. Weinhold 2, Jorg Thöming 2 and Piotr Stepnowski 1.,may be useful for you.
Good luck
Use the qualitative analysis test of amino acids by dissolving chitosan in HCl at 5 degree celsius and add sodium nitrite. If u get clear solution with brown fumes then amino group will confirm.
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