Glycine betaine (GB) is a well known compatible solute, which has been reported to increase in response to abiotic stresses in many species. GB is an amphoteric compound that is electrically neutral over a wide range of physiological pH values and is extremely soluble in water despite a non-polar hydrocarbon moiety that consists of three methyl groups. In addition to its role as an osmoregulator, GB is thought to interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains of macromolecules, such as protein and membrane complexes, thus stabilizing their structures and activities against the damaging effects of excessive salt, cold, heat and freezing.