Dear Pranav

If you really observe the 002 you can´t really say that it is graphene, since graphene is only really a single layer hence a 2d structure ...

I´ve appended here just some quick simulations using the debye summation.

The red diagram is just a single layer, you observe the diffraction bands 100 and 210, all corresponding bragg peaks with a l component in (hkl) vanish.

The green diagram is 6 layers (aka 2 unit cells in c direction), you can clearly observe the 002 peak and of course also 100, 101 etc...

Notice the peaks left of 002 are due to the small angle scattering

Regards 

Dominique

If you observe a (002) peak, is not graphene.

u cant see a monolayer with XRD.... You need an infinite layer thickness for xrd measurements...

Bragg's law: 2dsinθ=nλ

For a crystalline solid, the waves are scattered from lattice planes separated by the interplanar distance d.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s_law

You can look at Raman signatures.

Thanks for the information. From RAMAN and TEM it is showing graphene. But from XRD I have got that similar pattern.Also i HAVE FOUND ONE TERM "Exfoliated Graphite nanoplatelets" which explain occurrence of (002) plain even in graphene. Also which is more reliable data for explaining graphene formation from graphite.

Dear Pranav

If you really observe the 002 you can´t really say that it is graphene, since graphene is only really a single layer hence a 2d structure ...

I´ve appended here just some quick simulations using the debye summation.

The red diagram is just a single layer, you observe the diffraction bands 100 and 210, all corresponding bragg peaks with a l component in (hkl) vanish.

The green diagram is 6 layers (aka 2 unit cells in c direction), you can clearly observe the 002 peak and of course also 100, 101 etc...

Notice the peaks left of 002 are due to the small angle scattering

Regards 

Dominique

Thanks sir for your answer. But can we say it than "Few layers graphene" because people generally use that particular term very frequently. Although for SLG we won't see any peak in PXRD and just we will get a single line.

Hi!

Have you compared your data with ICDD- JCPDS file data? You can better confirm from those data. You can refer JCPDS card no 75-1621 (Graphite), JCPDS (PDF-2) (Fullerene / Graphene ) file no. 49-1717.

Direct exfoliation of graphite (sonication?) usually yields as few-layer graphene, among which may exist single layer graphene however it seems unlikely to seperate them. 

And, due to the high SSD nature of graphene, they tend to aggregate and re-stack, especially in solid state (powder). So, even if you have produced single layer graphene, the aggregates will generate some X-Ray signal, in terms of a broad peak sometimes. 

Hope it helped you.

What are the lattice structure, XRD 2theta, and interplanar d-space of (210) plane in graphene? 

Graphene (or graphite) has no (210) reflection.

Dear Abu & Fernando

You are perfectly right it is the (110 or 2-10 or 1-20) sorry...

Here is the structure I used just for a quick simulation...

http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/CIF_text_files/13164_cif.txt

BTW here is the software I used to simulate the pattern in case of interest:

VESTA for the creation of an appropriate xyz file. http://jp-minerals.org/vesta/en/

Debyer to calculate the patterns. http://debyer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Regards

I am not sure you can detect graphene peak by using wide angle Xray. This is 2d structure

That Debyer is great!

Thanks Dominique!

Dear Pranav,

The 2d structure can be confirmed using XRD just following few steps while scanning. The steps are as follows:

1. Take a Thin film sample mounted on a substrate of sides (say square of sides A, B, C, D)

2. Prefer a suitable scanning speed (0.5 deg/sec, or 1 deg/sec)

3. Facing- A towards the incoming beam (div. slit) take a scan

4. Facing -B towards the incoming beam (div. slit) take another scan, without changing source (voltage, current) and geometrical parameters, i.e., mounting your sample in different orientation.

5. The extra peak in the low scattering angle (2Theta) side can tell you the 2-d structure

Try once

Ok

Bye

Sir,

As i have been only going through basics of xrd aren't hexogonal structures supposed to have h,k,i,l namely four paprameters? Why are we getting only 3 parameters in xrd of same sample? Kindly help me to undersand it

Thank you