I want to design some thrust block for horizontal buried water pipelines at their bends. The pipes are steel and welded and their diameters are 18", 16", 14", 12" and 6". The largest bend angle in the pipeline is 98 degree. The soil allowable stress is assumed 150 KN/m2. Is this pipeline need thrust block at their bends and if you say yes, are these thrust blocks need armature at their tension faces?
Please introduce me some references for designing.
Thank you so much