The simplest way would likely be to set up a Finite Element modal and calculate the data you want.
Testwise, I believe you may be able to work data from the Transmission Error (TE).
RB Randall has worked the TE measurement problem, so take a look at his work. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245391679_Gear_transmission_error_measurement_using_phase_demodulation
Sincerely
Claes
Article Gear Transmission Error Measurement Using Phase Demodulation
Lock the gear at operating loads, increase power input till the gear just begins to move. This allows you to recreate deformation which can be measured.
which kind of gearing you have? it is a simple parallel shaft configuration?
The measurement of the stiffness can by done with torque-meters on the shafts or by using a comparator with a leverage. Basically you should fix one of the two shafts and apply the load to the other. Pay attention to this points:
- the measurement should be made in different positions
- the deflections of the shafts should be calculated and subtracted from the measured values
- the backlash (measured with 2% of the nominal torque) should be measured (purple in figure) in order to be able to correctly calculate the gear stiffness (angle of the blue curve).