Differences in the carboxy-terminal (Putative phospholipid binding) domains of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium bifermentans phospholipases C influence the hemolytic and lethal properties of these enzymes.
Jepson M, Howells A, Bullifent HL, Bolgiano B, Crane D, Miller J, Holley J, Jayasekera P, Titball RW.
The method depends of the objetive. For vaccine tests mice lethality test and antibody neutralizatio are the most common. If you you to measure toxin immunological assays are easiest (elisa or western). If you want to measure toxin activity you can use citoxicity tests with mdck cells for epsilon toxin or vero cells for iota toxin. Hemolisis in horse red blood cells is useful for perfringolisin, and lecitanase activity in egg yolk agar for alpha toxin. I can send you protocols if you are interested in one of thiese method.
Please review the methods of the following citation for PCR tech:
Detection and Toxin Typing of Clostridium perfringens in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples by PCR. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 2009, p. 807–810 Vol. 47, No. 3
Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1122, New York, New York 10029,1
and Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands2
Received 11 July 2008/Returned for modification 25 August 2008/Accepted 12 December 2008
Since current microbiology methods are not suitable to detect Clostridium perfringens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples, we developed a PCR assay to detect toxin-encoding genes and the 16S rRNA gene of C. perfringens. We successfully detected and genotyped C. perfringens in tissue sections from two autopsy cases.