I am a final year student trying to study the behaviour of segmental columns subjected to biaxial cyclic loadings using Abaqus but am having some issues.

When I apply uniaxial cyclic loading it is fine and runs properly with correct results. However, when I try to apply biaxial cyclic loadings, I get some problems. Either the job doesn't run due to errors, or the results (hysteretic curves) look funny.

For the uniaxial loading I simply add a reference point near the loading block, apply a coupling constraint to the loading block face and reference point, and then apply the cyclic load amplitudes to the reference point as a boundary condition.

I have tried a few things for the biaxial loading, but none seem to work properly. I tried:

  • Applying the x-axis and z-axis displacement amplitudes separately to the two adjacent faces of the loading block, each with its own reference point/coupling constraint. I had to partition the loading block and apply the coupling constraint to a smaller 'section' of the faces so that I am not applying 2 coupling constraints to the nodes in the corner.
  • Applying the x-axis and z-axis displacement amplitudes as 2 boundary conditions to the same reference point/load block face (same as uniaxial but with 2 BC's on the RP). This seemed to "twist" the loading block as the x-axis loading was applied 'across' the face of the loading block and not 'into' it (I'm just hypothesising here).
  • Applying the x-axis and z-axis displacement amplitudes as 2 boundary conditions to the same reference point, but applied the coupling constraint to the two adjacent load block faces.
  • These are shown in the image attached below. Nothing seems to give me the correct results and I am unsure of how I should proceed. Does anyone have any suggestions or experience with something similar? Thank you!

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