From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, urbanization has gradually come to dominate political, economic, social and cultural landscapes of the contemporary world. To be urban was to be modern and the development of modern social theory relied on using the city as its research laboratory. In many of the global South cities, authorities still view informality as an annoyance and hinderance to a desired “modern” and “smart” city. Informality is still perceived as a nuisance, breeding spaces for crime, dirt, and disorder, and undesirable to a modern city.

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